"The term 'translation studies' was coined by the Amsterdam-based American scholar James S. Holmes in his 1972 paper 'The name and nature of translation studies'..."
Various theories of translation and modes of translating literary texts, including problems of fidelity, cultural transfer, and linguistic difference.
Translation Studies: This is the academic field of study that focuses on the theory and practice of translation. It examines the various factors that influence the translation process and the resulting products.
Translation Theory: This is the systematic study of the principles and rules that govern the translation process. It explores the different approaches to translation and the implications of those approaches.
Translation Practice: This refers to the actual process of translating a text from one language to another. It involves making decisions about the best way to convey the meaning of the source text in the target text.
Translation Techniques: These are the various strategies and methods used by translators to achieve specific goals in their translations. Different techniques may be used depending on the nature of the source text and the target audience.
Translation Quality: This is a measure of how successfully a translation conveys the meaning of the original text. It includes factors such as accuracy, clarity, consistency, and stylistic appropriateness.
Translation Ethics: These are the moral and ethical considerations that arise in the translation process, such as the translator's responsibility to accurately convey the author's intended meaning and to respect cultural differences.
Comparative Literature: This is the study of the similarities and differences between different literary works and traditions from around the world. It involves analyzing the themes, structures, and styles of literature from different cultural and linguistic contexts.
Adaptation: This is the process of altering a text to suit a different audience or medium, such as translating a novel into a screenplay or adapting a play for a different cultural context.
Localization: This is the process of adapting a text to suit the linguistic and cultural norms of a specific region or country. It involves not only translating the language of the text but also making cultural adjustments to ensure that it is appropriate for the target audience.
Interpreting: This is the process of translating spoken language in real-time, such as during a conference or courtroom proceedings. Interpreters need to be skilled in both languages and be able to convey meaning accurately and efficiently.
Literary Translation Theory: This type of translation theory focuses specifically on the translation of literary works including novels, poems, and drama.
Linguistic Theory: Linguistic theory focuses on the translation of language itself, its grammar, syntax, and semantics.
Communication Theory: Communication theory addresses the processes and challenges involved in transferring information from one language to another, with a focus on how meaning and tone can be conveyed.
Cultural Studies Theory: Cultural studies theory examines the social and cultural contexts in which translations are produced and consumed, addressing issues of cultural clashes or linguistic disparities.
Gender and Feminist Theory: This theory examines issues of gender and sexuality in translation, including how translated texts can be gendered or how they may perpetuate gender-based or sexist stereotypes.
Postcolonial Theory: Postcolonial theory examines the relationship between global power structures and language, and how translated works can aid or resist the domination of dominant cultures.
Corpus Linguistics: Corpus linguistics uses large-scale electronic data banks to examine comparative language, language usage, and trends across cultures and languages.
Translation Memory Theory: This theory refers to the use of translation software that stores previous translation projects, which can be reused in subsequent projects for consistency and efficiency.
Audiovisual Translation Theory: This theory focuses on the translation of audiovisual media, including subtitling, dubbing, and captioning of movies or television series.
Interpreting Theory: Interpreting theory deals with the complexities of interpreting between languages, with a focus on the differences between consecutive and simultaneous interpreting.
Functional Translation Theory: Functional translation theory studies the context and purpose of translation and its impact on the audience, often incorporating elements of communication theory.
Descriptive Translation Studies: Descriptive Translation Studies is concerned with the observed behavior of translators and the translational decisions they make, rather than prescriptive theories of translation.
"Translation studies is an academic interdiscipline dealing with the systematic study of the theory, description and application of translation, interpreting, and localization."
"These include comparative literature, computer science, history, linguistics, philology, philosophy, semiotics, and terminology."
"As an interdiscipline, translation studies borrows much from the various fields of study that support translation."
"The corresponding French term for the discipline is usually traductologie (as in the Société Française de Traductologie)."
"In the United States, there is a preference for the term 'translation and interpreting studies' (as in the American Translation and Interpreting Studies Association)."
"James S. Holmes' 1972 paper 'The name and nature of translation studies' is considered a foundational statement for the discipline."
"Writers in English occasionally use the term 'translatology' (and less commonly 'traductology') to refer to translation studies."
"Translation studies deals with the theory, description, and application of translation, interpreting, and localization."
"Translation studies is an academic interdiscipline dealing with the systematic study of the theory..."
"The corresponding French term for the discipline is usually traductologie (as in the Société Française de Traductologie)."
"European tradition includes interpreting within translation studies (as in the European Society for Translation Studies)."
"In his 1972 paper 'The name and the nature of translation studies', James S. Holmes provides a foundational statement for the discipline."
"Translation studies borrows much from the various fields of study that support translation, including comparative literature."
"Computer science is one of the fields that supports translation and contributes to translation studies."
"History is one of the fields that supports translation and contributes to translation studies."
"Linguistics is a field that supports translation and contributes to translation studies."
"Philology is one of the fields that supports translation and contributes to translation studies."
"Semiotics is one of the fields that supports translation and contributes to translation studies."
"Terminology is one of the fields that supports translation and contributes to translation studies."