Tense refers to the time of an action or event, whereas aspect refers to the nature of the action or event. Together, tense and aspect can convey a wide range of meanings and nuances.
Verb Forms and Conjugation: Understanding the different forms of a verb and how they are conjugated in different tenses and aspect.
Tense: The grammatical category that expresses time reference of an action or event, such as past, present, and future.
Aspect: The grammatical category that expresses the nature of the action or event, such as completion or ongoingness.
Perfect Aspect: An aspect that indicates that an action is complete or has been completed at the time of speaking.
Progressive Aspect: An aspect that indicates that an action is in progress or ongoing at the time of speaking.
Simple Present: A tense that expresses actions or states that occur regularly, habitually, or currently in the present time.
Present Progressive: A tense that expresses that an action is in progress or ongoing in the present time.
Present Perfect: A tense that expresses that an action is complete or has been completed at some unspecified time in the past that has a connection with the present.
Simple Past: A tense that expresses actions or states that occurred in the past.
Past Progressive: A tense that expresses that an action was in progress or ongoing in the past.
Past Perfect: A tense that expresses that an action was complete or had been completed before another past event occurred.
Future: A category that expresses actions or events that will occur after the moment of speaking.
Future Progressive: A tense that expresses that an action will be in progress or ongoing in the future.
Future Perfect: A tense that expresses that an action will be complete or have been completed by a certain point in the future.
Conditional: A grammatical category that expresses hypothetical situations or actions that depend on a condition being met.
Gerunds and Infinitives: Understanding the forms and functions of gerunds and infinitives, which are often used to express actions or states in certain tenses and aspects.
Modal Auxiliaries: Understanding the different modal auxiliaries and their functions in expressing modality, such as obligation, permission, ability, and possibility.
Subjunctive Mood: Understanding the use and formation of the subjunctive mood, which is often used to express hypothetical or unreal situations.
Negation: Understanding how to negate verbs and sentences in different tenses and aspects.
Passive Voice: Understanding the formation and use of the passive voice, which is used to emphasize the object of the action, rather than the subject.
Simple present tense: The simple present tense is used to describe habitual actions, general truths, and present states or conditions.
Present progressive tense: The present progressive tense is used to express an ongoing action happening at the present moment.
Simple past tense: The simple past tense is a grammatical form used to express actions that were completed in the past.
Past progressive tense: Past progressive tense refers to an ongoing action or event in the past, typically described with the verb "to be" in the past tense and the main verb in the present participle form (-ing).
Simple future tense: The simple future tense refers to actions or events that will occur in the future, without indicating any duration or completion of the action.
Future progressive tense: Future progressive tense refers to the form of a verb that indicates an ongoing action that will take place in the future.
Present perfect tense: The present perfect tense is used to describe an action or state that occurred in the past but has a connection to the present.
Past perfect tense: The past perfect tense is used to express an action or state that was completed before another past action or state.
Future perfect tense: The future perfect tense refers to an action or state that will be completed before a specified point in the future.
Present perfect progressive tense: The present perfect progressive tense refers to an ongoing action that started in the past and is still relevant in the present.
Past perfect progressive tense: The past perfect progressive tense is used to express an ongoing action that started in the past and continued until another point in the past.
Future perfect progressive tense: Future perfect progressive tense refers to an action or event that will have been ongoing and unfinished in the future.
Present emphatic tense: Present emphatic tense in linguistics refers to a grammatical construction that emphasizes the ongoing nature of an action or event happening in the present.
Past emphatic tense: Past emphatic tense is a linguistic category used to express a forceful emphasis on past events or actions.
Future emphatic tense: Future emphatic tense in linguistics refers to the expression of certainty or strong expectation about future events or states.
Present continuous tense: The present continuous tense is used to describe ongoing actions or events happening in the present moment.
Past continuous tense: The past continuous tense refers to ongoing or continuous past actions or events.
Future continuous tense: The future continuous tense refers to actions or events that will be ongoing or in progress at a specific time in the future.
Present perfect continuous tense: The present perfect continuous tense is a grammatical form used to express an ongoing action that started in the past and continues up to the present moment.
Past perfect continuous tense: Past perfect continuous tense is used to describe an ongoing action that started in the past, continued for some time, and was completed before another point in the past.
Future perfect continuous tense: Future perfect continuous tense is used to express an ongoing action that will be completed by a certain point in the future.
Simple conditional tense: The simple conditional tense is used to express hypothetical or unreal situations in the present or future, typically formed by adding the auxiliary verb "would" to the base form of the verb.
Present conditional tense: The present conditional tense is a grammatical structure used to describe hypothetical or unrealized events in the present.
Past conditional tense: The past conditional tense refers to a grammatical structure used to express hypothetical or unreal actions or states in the past.
Future conditional tense: The future conditional tense refers to grammatical constructions expressing events or states that are hypothetical or contingent on certain conditions in the future.
Future in the past tense: The topic of Future in the past tense refers to the grammatical expression of future events or states from the perspective of a past point in time.
Past future tense: Past future tense, also known as the future-in-the-past, refers to the grammatical construction used to talk about future events from a past perspective.
Past future perfect tense: The past future perfect tense refers to a past event that will have been completed at a future point in the past.
Past future perfect continuous tense: The past future perfect continuous tense refers to an ongoing action that was expected to be completed by a specific moment in the past.
Imperative tense: The imperative tense is a grammatical category used to express commands, requests, or instructions.