"The grammar of a natural language is its set of structural rules on speakers' or writers' usage and creation of clauses, phrases, and words."
The study of grammar and how it affects the meaning and style of a text, including things like tense, voice, mood, and sentence structure.
Parts of Speech: The different word classes like nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.
Syntax: The study of the rules of sentence structure and how words are arranged to form grammatically correct sentences.
Morphology: The study of the structure of words, including their inflection, derivation, and formation.
Tense and Aspect: Verb forms that indicate the time frame of a sentence in relation to the present, past, or future.
Voice: A grammatical category that describes the relationship between the subject and the action, including active, passive, and reflexive.
Case: How nouns and pronouns are inflected to indicate their role in a sentence, such as nominative, accusative, genitive, and dative.
Agreement: When two or more words in a sentence have to match in terms of number, gender, and/or case.
Clauses: A group of words that contain a subject and a predicate and can function as a sentence or as part of a sentence.
Phrases: A group of words that function as a unit but do not contain a subject and predicate.
Conjunctions: Words that connect words, phrases, or clauses in a sentence.
Ellipsis: When a word or phrase is omitted from a sentence but can be understood from the context.
Parallelism: The use of similar grammatical forms or structures to create a balanced sentence or phrase.
Modifiers: Words that describe or qualify other words in a sentence, such as adjectives and adverbs.
Prepositions: Words that show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in a sentence.
Pronouns: Words that replace nouns in a sentence.
Relative Clauses: A type of dependent clause that starts with a relative pronoun and provides additional information about a noun or pronoun in the main clause.
Verb Forms: The different forms of a verb, including infinitive, gerund, participle, and auxiliary.
Style: The way a writer uses language to convey meaning, including word choice, sentence structure, and tone.
Tense: It indicates the time frame of an action that is described in a sentence. There are three main tenses: past, present, and future.
Aspect: It describes the nature of the action, either as complete or incomplete. Common aspects are simple, continuous, perfective, and perfect.
Mood: It expresses the speaker's attitude towards a statement. Common moods are indicative, subjunctive, and imperative.
Voice: It describes the relationship between the subject and the action in a sentence. Common voices are active and passive.
Person: It indicates the subject's identity and perspective. There are three persons: the first, second, and third.
Number: It describes the amount of a subject or object in a sentence, either singular or plural.
Case: It marks the function of a noun or pronoun in a sentence. Common cases are nominative, genitive, accusative, and dative.
Gender: It identifies the distinctions of biological sex (masculine or feminine) or abstract concepts (neuter).
Register: It indicates the level of formality or informality in a language, either formal or informal.
Style: It refers to the way language is used, either colloquial, formal, or technical.
"The term can also refer to the study of such rules, a subject that includes phonology, morphology, and syntax, together with phonetics, semantics, and pragmatics."
"The vast majority of which – at least in the case of one's native language(s) – are acquired not by intentional study or instruction but by hearing other speakers."
"Much of this internalization occurs during early childhood; learning a language later in life usually involves more direct instruction."
"The term 'English grammar' could refer to the whole of English grammar (that is, to the grammar of all the language’s speakers) in which case it covers lots of variation."
"At a smaller scale, it may refer only to what is shared among the grammars of all or most English speakers (such as subject–verb–object word order in simple sentences)."
"A reference book describing the grammar of a language is called a 'reference grammar' or simply 'a grammar.'"
"A fully revealed grammar, which describes the grammatical constructions of a particular speech type in great detail is called descriptive grammar."
"This kind of linguistic description contrasts with linguistic prescription, a plan to actively ban, or lessen the use of, some constructions while popularizing and starting others."
"Some pedants insist that sentences in English should not end with prepositions."
"His unjustified rejection of the practice may have led other English speakers to avoid it and discourage its use."
"Yet ending sentences with a preposition has a long history in Germanic languages like English, where it is so widespread that it is the norm."
"It may be used more widely to include rules of spelling and punctuation, which linguists would not typically consider as part of grammar but rather of orthography, the conventions used for writing a language."
"It may also be used more narrowly to refer to a set of prescriptive norms only, excluding the aspects of a language's grammar which do not change or are clearly acceptable (or not) without the need for discussions."
"Jeremy Butterfield claimed that, for non-linguists, 'Grammar is often a generic way of referring to any aspect of English that people object to'."