"Language contact occurs when speakers of two or more languages or varieties interact with and influence each other."
The study of the linguistic and social effects that occur when two or more language groups come into contact with each other.
Language Change: This is an overview of how languages evolve over time and the factors that contribute to their development, such as a language contact.
Bilingualism and Multilingualism: This topic explains the concept of being fluent in two or more languages and how it relates to language contact. It includes the idea of diglossia, where there are distinct high and low varieties of a language.
Language Borrowing: This concerns the process of adopting words, expressions and structures of a foreign language.
Language Mixing: This refers to the combination of two or more languages by speakers, creating a new language.
Language Shift: This is the phenomenon where a community or population shifts from using one language to using another for communication.
Language Contact and Linguistic Outcomes: This is an exploration of the effects that contact between different languages can have on the structure of the involved languages.
Language Contact and the Social Consequences: This describes how communication barriers can change the social, ethnic and cultural dynamics of a community or region.
Pidginization and Creolization: These are the two very different processes in which people form simplified lingua francas from complex languages for communication purposes.
Lexical and Phonetic Borrowing: This topic examines the implications of incorporating foreign vocabulary and pronunciation characteristics into one's language.
Code-Switching: The act of alternating between two or more languages or language varieties in a single exchange.
Language Maintenance: This is the attempt by a language community to preserve its language through various protective measures.
Language Death: This is an outcome of contact situation. When a language no longer gains new speakers, it becomes extinct.
Language Contact in Historical Context: This is an explanation of the role that language contact has played in the development of cultural and linguistic history.
Language Contact and Globalization: This describes how globalization's increasing interconnectedness among nations is resulting in more contact situations.
Language Contact and the Linguistic Landscape: This concerns the efforts of different groups that use their language to assert their linguistic identity in public spaces.
Ethnography of Communication: The study of communication as cultural practices and why how people use language in different contexts.
Language Contact and the Education System: This relates to the consequences of language contact on the educational system (language teaching, educational policies, languages in contact in the classroom situation).
Language Contact and Language Planning: This pertains to the various decision-making processes involved in determining which languages should be taught, how they should be taught and in what contexts.
Bilingualism: The use of two languages by an individual or community.
Code-switching: The practice of alternately using two or more languages or language varieties in a single conversation or discourse.
Creolization: The process by which a new language is formed from a mixture of different existing languages.
Dialect leveling: The process by which distinct regional dialects become more similar to one another.
Language borrowing: The process of adopting words, expressions, and structures from another language into one's own.
Language shift: A significant change in the dominance of one language over another language in a community or region.
Linguistic imperialism: The imposition of one dominant language over other languages in a political or social context.
Language attrition: The loss of fluency or knowledge in a particular language by an individual or community.
Pidginization: The development of a simplified language used as a means of communication between people who do not share a common language.
Second language acquisition: The process of learning a new language after the first language has already been acquired.
Translanguaging: The practice of combining elements of different languages together in order to communicate effectively.
Language obsolescence: The gradual decline and eventual extinction of a language.
"The study of language contact is called contact linguistics."
"When speakers of different languages interact closely, it is typical for their languages to influence each other."
"Language contact can occur at language borders, between adstratum languages, or as the result of migration, with an intrusive language acting as either a superstratum or a substratum."
"Language contact occurs in a variety of phenomena, including language convergence, borrowing, and relexification."
"The common products include pidgins, creoles, code-switching, and mixed languages."
"In many other cases, contact between speakers occurs but the lasting effects on the language are less visible."
"They may, however, include loan words, calques, or other types of borrowed material."
"Multilingualism has been common throughout much of human history."
"Today, most people in the world are multilingual."
"Methods from sociolinguistics (the study of language use in society), from corpus linguistics, and from formal linguistics are used in the study of language contact."
"Language contact can occur at language borders, between adstratum languages..."
"...or as the result of migration, with an intrusive language acting as either a superstratum or a substratum."
"Language contact occurs in a variety of phenomena, including language convergence..."
"Language contact occurs in a variety of phenomena, including borrowing..."
"The common products include pidgins, creoles..."
"The common products include...code-switching..."
"The common products include...mixed languages."
"Methods from sociolinguistics, from corpus linguistics, and from formal linguistics are used in the study of language contact."
"...they may include loan words, calques, or other types of borrowed material."