- "In linguistics and related fields, pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to meaning."
How pragmatic practices vary across different cultural and linguistic contexts, and how people can learn to navigate these differences.
Intercultural communication: This refers to the communication process between people of different cultures, which involves different beliefs, values, and customs.
Speech acts: This refers to the use of language as an action, by which speakers can perform various functions like request, apologize, compliment or refuse.
Politeness: This refers to the way people use language in order to show respect or deference to others.
Face: This refers to the social identity that people present to others, which includes their public self-image and reputation.
Direct and indirect communication: This refers to the way people communicate their messages either directly or indirectly, depending on their cultural background.
Social norms: This refers to the established standards of behaviour or attitudes that are expected within a society or culture.
Taboos and sensitive topics: Certain topics, such as death or religion, may be considered taboo or sensitive in some cultures, and special care is required to avoid unintended insults.
Stereotyping and prejudice: This refers to preconceived notions or judgmental attitudes towards people from other cultures.
Culture shock: This refers to the disorientation that can occur when individuals are confronted with unfamiliar cultural practices or values.
Ethnocentrism: This refers to the belief that one's own culture is superior to others.
Nonverbal communication: This refers to the use of body language and other nonverbal cues to convey meaning.
High-context and low-context cultures: This refers to the degree to which cultures rely on explicit or implicit communication.
Speech community: This refers to a group of people who share a common language or dialect.
Pragmatic failure: This refers to misunderstandings or miscommunications that occur due to cultural differences in the interpretation of various communication strategies.
Speech acts: This involves understanding the specific meaning of a sentence based on the context, intonation, and cultural background of the speaker.
Addressivity: This involves understanding how people address each other in different cultures, and how the different forms of address reflect social and cultural differences.
Politeness: This involves understanding how politeness is expressed in different cultures, and how different cultures have different norms for expressing politeness.
Grice's Cooperative Principle: This involves understanding how speakers and listeners cooperate to convey meaning in conversation, as well as understanding how this principle can vary across cultures.
Conversation analysis: This involves the study of the structure and patterns of conversation, and how these vary across cultures.
Non-verbal communication: This involves understanding how non-verbal cues (such as body language, gestures, and facial expressions) are used to communicate meaning across different cultures.
Discourse analysis: This involves understanding how language is used to convey meaning within specific social and cultural contexts, and how these contexts influence the meaning of language.
Intercultural communication: This involves understanding how different cultural backgrounds can impact communication, including how people from different cultures perceive and interpret different types of communication.
- "The field of study evaluates how human language is utilized in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the interpreter and the interpreted."
- "Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians."
- "The field has been represented since 1986 by the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA)."
- "Pragmatics encompasses phenomena including implicature, speech acts, relevance and conversation, as well as nonverbal communication."
- "Theories of pragmatics go hand-in-hand with theories of semantics, which studies aspects of meaning, and syntax which examines sentence structures, principles, and relationships."
- "The ability to understand another speaker's intended meaning is called pragmatic competence."
- "Pragmatics emerged as its own subfield in the 1950s after the pioneering work of J.L. Austin and Paul Grice."
- "Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to meaning."
- "The field has been represented since 1986 by the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA)."
- "Pragmatics encompasses phenomena including implicature, speech acts, relevance and conversation, as well as nonverbal communication."
- "Theories of pragmatics go hand-in-hand with theories of semantics, which studies aspects of meaning."
- "Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians."
- "The ability to understand another speaker's intended meaning is called pragmatic competence."
- "Pragmatics emerged as its own subfield in the 1950s after the pioneering work of J.L. Austin and Paul Grice."
- "The field of study evaluates how human language is utilized in social interactions."
- "The field has been represented since 1986 by the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA)."
- "The field of study evaluates [...] as well as the relationship between the interpreter and the interpreted."
- "Pragmatics encompasses phenomena including implicature, speech acts, relevance and conversation, as well as nonverbal communication."
- "Syntax examines sentence structures, principles, and relationships."