The rise and fall of pitch in speech that conveys meaning, mood, and emphasis.
Pitch and frequency: The basic properties of sound waves and how changes in frequency can be perceived as different pitches.
Tone languages: Languages where pitch distinctions are used to differentiate meanings.
Phonetic alphabet for music: The use of musical notation to represent pitch levels.
Pitch contour: The patterns of pitch changes over time, such as rising or falling.
Functional load: The importance of pitch distinctions in communicating different meanings or emotions.
Accentedness: The degree to which pitch variations are perceived as intentional or natural.
Tonal languages: Languages where pitch variations are part of the grammar and important for conveying meaning.
Speech melody: The patterns of pitch changes in connected speech and how it affects meaning.
Intonation patterns: Basic patterns of pitch contours in different languages and how they are used to convey meaning.
Prosody: The overall sound and rhythm of speech, including intonation, stress, and timing.
Emphasis and emphasis placement: The use of changes in pitch to highlight certain words or phrases.
Boundary tones: The patterns of pitch changes at the end of phrases or sentences, which signal different kinds of endings.
Phonological rules: The way pitch changes can be affected by other features of the language's sound system.
Intonation in communication: The role of intonation in conveying emotions, sarcasm, politeness, or other social meanings.
Perception and production of intonation: The ways in which people learn and use the patterns of pitch changes in their own language, and how these can differ across cultures or individuals.
Falling Intonation: The pitch of the voice falls as the voice pronounces a sentence indicating the end of the statement.
Rising Intonation: The pitch of the voice rises as the voice pronounces a sentence indicating a question.
High-rising Intonation: The pitch of the voice rises sharply at the end of the sentence, indicating surprise or disbelief.
Low-rising Intonation: The pitch of the voice rises slightly at the end of the sentence, indicating a continuation of the conversation or urging someone to continue the conversation.
Falling-rising Intonation: The pitch of the voice drops and then rises again in the same sentence, indicating hesitation or hesitation.
Non-final Intonation: It is a type of intonation in which no prominent downward pitch occurs at the end of the clause, often used to indicate a lack of certitude or to request clarification.
Final Intonation: The pitch of the voice falls at the end of the clause or sentence indicating the end of the conversation.
Upstep Intonation: A rise in pitch that occurs when a new word or syllable is emphasized or emphasized in a sentence.
Downstep Intonation: A drop in pitch that usually occurs after an upstep intonation, indicating the end of the emphasis in the sentence.