"Speech disorders or speech impairments are a type of communication disorder in which normal speech is disrupted."
Conditions that affect the ability to produce or understand speech sounds, such as stuttering, dysarthria, or apraxia.
Articulation disorders: Refers to sound errors in which speech sounds are distorted or changed, leading to difficulty in forming and producing words.
Phonology: The study of the sound system of language, including the rules governing the structure, distribution, and sequencing of sounds in words.
Fluency disorders: Refers to difficulties in the maintaining a natural speaking rhythm or normal rate of speech.
Voice disorders: Involves any problem affecting the production of vocal sounds, including hoarseness, loss of voice, and pitch or resonance problems.
Neurogenic communication disorders: Brain-based speech and language disorders resulting from damage to the nervous system, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, or Parkinson's disease.
Resonance disorders: Involves problems with the sound quality or tone of speech, such as hypernasality or hyponasality.
Phonetics: The study of the sounds used in speech, including how they are produced, perceived, and classified.
Anatomy and physiology of speech: The study of the biological and functional systems involved in producing and controlling speech.
Speech perception: The way in which listeners interpret and understand speech sounds.
Language development: The study of how children acquire language, including how they develop the ability to produce and understand speech sounds.
Speech-language pathology: The diagnosis and treatment of communication disorders in both children and adults.
Augmentative and alternative communication: The use of technology or other means to aid communication for individuals with severe speech or language impairments.
Articulation therapy: Types of therapy that are designed to help individuals improve their articulation and speech sounds.
Vocal quality: The tone, resonance, pitch and volume of voice during speech.
Oral-motor deficits: Difficulties moving muscles of the mouth involved in speech production, like in children with Down syndrome or with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Stuttering: A fluency disorder that refers to repetitions, prolongations, and blocks of speech sounds.
Dysarthria: A group of motor speech disorders resulting from paralysis, weakness, or incoordination of the speech muscles causing speech disorders.
Speech disorders in bilingual children: Dual-language learners may exhibit speech disorders due to mixing languages or their influence of one language on the other.
Cleft palate: A type of structural articulation disorder in which there is an opening or split in the roof of the mouth, which can affect an individual's ability to speak clearly.
Phonemic awareness: The ability to perceive and manipulate pieces of sound (phonemes) in words, an essential precursor to reading and spelling.
Articulation Disorders: Difficulty producing sounds and syllables correctly and clearly.
Phonological Disorders: Difficulty understanding and using the rules of sound patterns to form words.
Apraxia of Speech: A motor speech disorder in which the brain has difficulty coordinating the movements necessary for speech.
Dysarthria: Difficulty with the movement and coordination of the muscles used for speech, resulting in slurred or garbled speech.
Voice Disorders: Disorders that impact the pitch, quality, or volume of a person's voice.
Stuttering: A speech disorder in which a person repeats or prolongs sounds, syllables, or words, making their speech sound jerky, choppy, or hesitant.
Cluttering: A speech disorder characterized by a rapid rate of speech, extensive word omissions or substitutions, and disorganized language output.
Mutism: The inability or refusal to speak in certain situations.
Palilalia: A speech disorder characterized by the involuntary repetition of words or phrases.
Echolalia: A speech disorder characterized by the repetition of words or phrases spoken by others.
Foreign Accent Syndrome: A rare speech disorder in which a person's speech is altered to sound like they have a foreign accent.
Selective Mutism: A disorder in which a person is capable of speaking, but only chooses to do so in certain situations, such as at home or with close family members.
"This can mean fluency disorders like stuttering, cluttering or lisps."
"Someone who is unable to speak due to a speech disorder is considered mute."
"Speech skills are vital to social relationships and learning, and delays or disorders that relate to developing these skills can impact individuals' function."
"For many children and adolescents, this can present as issues with academics."
"Speech disorders affect roughly 11.5% of the US population."
"Speech disorders affect roughly 5% of the primary school population."
"Speech is a complex process that requires precise timing, nerve and muscle control, and as a result, is susceptible to impairments."
"A person who has a stroke, an accident, or birth defect may have speech and language problems."
"This can mean fluency disorders like stuttering, cluttering or lisps."
"Delays or disorders that relate to developing these skills can impact individuals' function."
"Speech skills are vital to social relationships and learning."
"For many children and adolescents, this can present as issues with academics."
"Speech disorders affect roughly 11.5% of the US population."
"Speech disorders affect roughly 5% of the primary school population."
"Speech is a complex process that requires precise timing, nerve and muscle control."
"A person who has a stroke, an accident, or birth defect may have speech and language problems."
"This can mean fluency disorders like stuttering, cluttering or lisps."
"Someone who is unable to speak due to a speech disorder is considered mute."
"Speech skills are vital to social relationships and learning."