"The field of articulatory phonetics is a subfield of phonetics that studies articulation and ways that humans produce speech."
The study of how speech sounds are made using different parts of the mouth, throat, and lungs.
Speech Production: Study of how speech sounds are produced by the human vocal tract, including the role of the lips, tongue, teeth, and vocal cords.
Acoustics: Study of the physical properties of sound waves, including frequency, amplitude, and waveform, and how they relate to speech sounds.
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA): A standardized system of symbols used to represent the sounds of any language in a consistent manner.
Vowels: The sounds that are produced with an open vocal tract, including the differences between front, central, and back vowels, as well as the differences in vowel height and rounding.
Consonants: The sounds that are produced with a partial or complete blockage of the vocal tract, including the differences between voiced and voiceless consonants, and between stops, fricatives, and affricates.
Place of Articulation: The location in the vocal tract where a consonant is produced, including labial, dental, alveolar, palatal, and velar articulation.
Manner of Articulation: The way a consonant is produced, including plosives, fricatives, affricates, nasals, and approximants.
Coarticulation: The way sounds influence each other within a word, including assimilation and elision.
Stress and Intonation: The way in which pitch and loudness are used to convey meaning and rhythmic patterns in spoken language.
Phonological Processes: The systematic patterns of sound alternations that occur within and between words, including assimilation, deletion, and epenthesis.
Bilabial: Consonant sounds produced by bringing both lips together, such as /p/ and /b/.
Labiodental: Consonant sounds produced by pressing the bottom lip against the upper teeth, such as /f/ and /v/.
Interdental: Consonant sounds produced by sticking the tongue between the teeth, such as /θ/ and /ð/.
Alveolar: Consonant sounds produced by raising the tip of the tongue to the alveolar ridge behind the upper teeth, such as /t/ and /d/.
Postalveolar: Consonant sounds produced by raising the tongue near the hard palate behind the alveolar ridge, such as /ʃ/ and /ʒ/.
Retroflex: Consonant sounds produced by curling the tongue backwards towards the hard palate, such as /ɻ/.
Palatal: Consonant sounds produced by raising the tongue to the hard palate, such as /j/ (as in ‘yes’).
Velar: Consonant sounds produced by raising the back of the tongue to the soft palate or velum, such as /k/ and /g/.
Uvular: Consonant sounds produced by raising the back of the tongue to the uvula, such as /q/.
Pharyngeal: Consonant sounds produced by creating a constriction in the pharynx or throat, such as /ʕ/.
Glottal: Consonant sounds produced by using the vocal cords to constrict the glottis, such as /h/.
Laryngeal: Consonant sounds produced by using the larynx or voice box to create or modify sounds, such as in the types of glottal stops produced in different languages.
"Articulatory phoneticians explain how humans produce speech sounds via the interaction of different physiological structures."
"Aerodynamic energy refers to the airflow through the vocal tract."
"Acoustic energy is variation in the air pressure that can be represented as sound waves."
"To vary the sound quality in a way useful for speaking, two speech organs normally move towards each other to contact each other to create an obstruction."
"The point of maximum obstruction is called the place of articulation."
"The way the obstruction forms and releases is the manner of articulation."
"For example, when making a p sound, the lips come together tightly, blocking the air momentarily and causing a buildup of air pressure. The lips then release suddenly, causing a burst of sound."
"Respiratory sounds can be produced by expelling air from the lungs."
"Its potential form is air pressure."
"Its kinetic form is the actual dynamic airflow."
"Acoustic energy is variation in the air pressure that can be represented as sound waves, which are then perceived by the human auditory system as sound."
"Generally, articulatory phonetics is concerned with the transformation of aerodynamic energy into acoustic energy."
"Articulatory phonetics studies articulation and ways that humans produce speech."
"Articulatory phoneticians explain how humans produce speech sounds via the interaction of different physiological structures."
"The lips then release suddenly, causing a burst of sound."
"The manner is called stop (also known as a plosive)."
"The place of articulation of this sound is therefore called bilabial."
"To vary the sound quality in a way useful for speaking, two speech organs normally move towards each other to contact each other."
"Aerodynamic energy refers to the airflow through the vocal tract."