"Part of speech or part-of-speech (abbreviated as POS or PoS, also known as word class or grammatical category) is a category of words (or, more generally, of lexical items) that have similar grammatical properties."
The categorization of words into different types, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs, based on their grammatical properties and syntactic behavior.
Phonetics: The study of individual speech sounds and their production, perception, and classification.
Phonology: The study of how sounds are organized and used in language.
Morphology: The study of word structure and the different components that make up words.
Syntax: The study of how words are combined into phrases, clauses, and sentences.
Lexical semantics: The study of the meaning of individual words and how they are used in context.
Pragmatics: The study of how language is used in social interactions, including the interpretation of meaning beyond the literal words.
Morpheme: The smallest unit of meaning in a word.
Root: The basic element of a word that carries its main meaning.
Affix: A morpheme that is added to a word to change its meaning or function.
Derivational morpheme: An affix that creates a new word or changes the meaning or part of speech of the base word.
Inflectional morpheme: An affix that changes the form of a word to indicate grammatical information, such as tense, number, or case.
Prefix: An affix that is added to the beginning of a word.
Suffix: An affix that is added to the end of a word.
Infix: A morpheme that is inserted within a word.
Stem: The core of a word to which affixes are added.
Base: The root or stem of a word to which affixes are added.
Compound: A word made up of two or more smaller words.
Reduplication: The repetition of a segment of a word to create a new word.
Suppletion: The use of an entirely different form to express a particular grammatical feature.
Morphological analysis: The process of breaking down words into their constituent morphemes to understand their structure and meaning.
Noun: A word that refers to a person, place, thing, or idea.
Verb: A word that represents an action, occurrence, or state of being.
Adjective: A word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun.
Adverb: A word that describes or modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb.
Pronoun: A word that replaces a noun or noun phrase.
Preposition: A word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence.
Conjunction: A word that connects clauses or sentences.
Interjection: A word or phrase that expresses strong emotion or sudden feeling.
Determiner: A word that introduces a noun or noun phrase and indicates the number or reference of that noun.
Infinitive: A verb form used as a noun, adjective, or adverb.
Gerund: A verb form ending in -ing that functions as a noun.
Participle: A verb form used as an adjective that often ends in -ed or -ing.
Modal verb: A type of auxiliary verb that expresses the speaker's attitude towards the likelihood or necessity of an event.
Article: A type of determiner that indicates specificity or generality of a noun.
"Words that are assigned to the same part of speech generally display similar syntactic behavior (they play similar roles within the grammatical structure of sentences)."
"Commonly listed English parts of speech are noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun, preposition, conjunction, interjection, numeral, article, and determiner."
"Other terms than part of speech—particularly in modern linguistic classifications, which often make more precise distinctions than the traditional scheme does—include word class, lexical class, and lexical category."
"Word classes may be classified as open or closed: open classes acquire new members constantly, while closed classes acquire new members infrequently, if at all."
"No, almost all languages have the word classes noun and verb, but beyond these two there are significant variations among different languages."
"Japanese has as many as three classes of adjectives, where English has one."
"Chinese, Korean, Japanese and Vietnamese have a class of nominal classifiers."
"No, many languages do not distinguish between adjectives and adverbs."
"For some authors, the term lexical category excludes those parts of speech that are considered to be function words, such as pronouns."
"Yes, because of such variation in the number of categories and their identifying properties, analysis of parts of speech must be done for each individual language."
"The labels for each category are assigned on the basis of universal criteria."
"Part of speech or part-of-speech (abbreviated as POS or PoS, also known as word class or grammatical category)."
"Words that are assigned to the same part of speech generally display similar syntactic behavior... sometimes similar morphological behavior in that they undergo inflection for similar properties."
"Open classes (typically including nouns, verbs, and adjectives) acquire new members constantly."
"Closed classes (such as pronouns and conjunctions) acquire new members infrequently, if at all."
"Some authors restrict the term lexical category to refer only to a particular type of syntactic category."
"The term form class is also used..."
"Almost all languages have the word classes noun and verb."
"Many languages do not distinguish between adjectives and verbs."