Language contact

"Language contact occurs when speakers of two or more languages or varieties interact with and influence each other."

"The study of language contact is called contact linguistics."

"When speakers of different languages interact closely, it is typical for their languages to influence each other."

"Language contact can occur at language borders, between adstratum languages, or as the result of migration, with an intrusive language acting as either a superstratum or a substratum."

"Language contact occurs in a variety of phenomena, including language convergence, borrowing, and relexification."

"The common products include pidgins, creoles, code-switching, and mixed languages."

"In many other cases, contact between speakers occurs but the lasting effects on the language are less visible."

"They may, however, include loan words, calques, or other types of borrowed material."

"Multilingualism has been common throughout much of human history."

"Today, most people in the world are multilingual."

"Methods from sociolinguistics (the study of language use in society), from corpus linguistics, and from formal linguistics are used in the study of language contact."

"Language contact can occur at language borders, between adstratum languages..."

"...or as the result of migration, with an intrusive language acting as either a superstratum or a substratum."

"Language contact occurs in a variety of phenomena, including language convergence..."

"Language contact occurs in a variety of phenomena, including borrowing..."

"The common products include pidgins, creoles..."

"The common products include...code-switching..."

"The common products include...mixed languages."

"Methods from sociolinguistics, from corpus linguistics, and from formal linguistics are used in the study of language contact."

"...they may include loan words, calques, or other types of borrowed material."