"Language geography is the branch of human geography that studies the geographic distribution of language(s) or its constituent elements."
Studies the geographical distribution of dialects and their boundaries.
Dialect: A regional variation of language in terms of phonology, vocabulary, grammar, and syntax that distinguishes it from other dialects.
Language Variation and change: Understanding the variability of language in terms of social, cultural, and historical factors and how languages evolve over time.
Language families and branches: It is a group of related languages that have a common ancestor, such as the Indo-European language family, which includes languages like English, Hindi, and Spanish.
Language Contact: Understanding language contact in terms of how languages influence each other when they come into contact, for example, the influence of French on English after the Norman Conquest.
Historical linguistics: Understanding the evolution of language over time, including how dialects emerged and evolved.
Sociolinguistics: Understanding the relationship between language and society, including how social factors like age, gender, ethnicity, and class impact language use.
Phonology: Study of sounds in language, including the distribution and production of phonemes.
Phonetics: Study of speech sounds, including the differences between dialects and how they are articulated.
Lexical variation: Understanding regional differences in vocabulary and how word usage can vary across dialects.
Syntax: Study of sentence structure and word order, including how differences in dialects can impact sentence construction.
Grammar: Understanding the rules governing the structure of language and how they differ between dialects.
Language and identity: Understanding how language use and dialects are often tied to individual and community identity, and how language change can impact identity.
Language policy and planning: Understanding how language policies are implemented, and how they can impact dialects and regional languages.
Language attitudes: Understanding how people view different languages and dialects, and how these attitudes can impact language use.
Geographic Information Systems: Understanding the use of digital maps to study and analyze dialect geography.
Regional dialectology: The study of linguistic variation across different geographical regions.
Urban dialectology: The study of how language varies within urban environments.
Sociolinguistic dialectology: The study of how language varies among different social groups, including factors such as age, gender, social class, and ethnicity.
Historical dialectology: The study of how language has changed over time.
Perceptual dialectology: The study of how people perceive different dialects and accents.
Comparative dialectology: The study of how different dialects are related to one another and how they differ.
Contact dialectology: The study of how languages and dialects interact in areas where they come into contact with one another.
Ethnolinguistic dialectology: The study of how dialects and languages are used in particular cultural contexts, including issues of identity and power.
Corpus-based dialectology: A quantitative approach to dialectology that uses computer-aided analysis of large language corpora to identify patterns of variation.
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) dialectology: The use of GIS technology to analyze and visualize linguistic data.
"Linguistic geography can also refer to studies of how people talk about the landscape."
"For example, toponymy is the study of place names."
"Landscape ethnoecology, also known as ethnophysiography, is the study of landscape ontologies and how they are expressed in language."
"There are two principal fields of study within the geography of language: geography of languages and geolinguistics."
"Geography of languages deals with the distribution through history and space of languages."
"Geolinguistics is the study of the 'political, economic, and cultural processes that affect the status and distribution of languages'."
"Contact linguistics is the study of languages and dialects in contact and in conflict with various societal, economic, ideological, political, and other contemporary trends with regard to a particular geographic location."
"Dialect geography deals with regional linguistic variations within languages."
"Many studies in what is now called contact linguistics have researched the effect of language contact, as the languages or dialects of peoples have interacted."
"This territorial expansion of language groups has usually resulted in the overlaying of languages upon existing speech areas, rather than the replacement of one language by another."
"For example, after the Norman Conquest of England, Old French became the language of the aristocracy but Middle English remained the language of a majority of the population."
"The analysis of the distribution patterns and spatial structures of languages in contact is one aspect of the geography of languages."
"Geolinguistics, as a sub-discipline of linguistics that incorporates contact linguistics, is the study of languages and dialects in contact and in conflict with various societal, economic, ideological, political, and other contemporary trends."
"Various other terms and subdisciplines have been suggested, but none gained much currency."
"Subdivisions within linguistic geography include regional linguistic variations within languages (dialect geography) and studying changes over time and space."
"Landscape ethnoecology, also known as ethnophysiography, is the study of landscape ontologies and how they are expressed in language."
"Toponymy is the study of place names."
"This territorial expansion of language groups has usually resulted in the overlaying of languages upon existing speech areas."
"Middle English remained the language of a majority of the population after the Norman Conquest of England."