Compares the characteristics of dialects across different regions, languages, or time periods.
Historical Linguistics: Historical linguistics is the study of language change over time. It involves examining language families, the evolution of languages, and the changes that occur within languages.
Phonology: Phonology is the study of the sound system of a language. It looks at the different sounds used in a language, how they are organized, and how they are pronounced.
Syntax: Syntax is the study of how words are used to form sentences in a language. It looks at the rules governing word order and sentence structure.
Semantics: Semantics is the study of meaning in language. It involves examining the meaning of words and how they are used in context.
Sociolinguistics: Sociolinguistics is the study of the social factors that influence language use. It looks at how language varies based on factors such as social class, gender, and ethnicity.
Dialectology: Dialectology is the study of dialects within a language. It looks at the variations in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar that occur within a language.
Language typology: Language typology is the study of the similarities and differences between different languages. It looks at the basic structural features of languages and how they are classified.
Language contact: Language contact is the study of how languages influence each other. It involves examining the ways in which languages borrow words and grammar from each other.
Language acquisition: Language acquisition is the study of how people learn and acquire language. It involves examining the cognitive and social processes involved in learning a language.
Psycholinguistics: Psycholinguistics is the study of how people use language to communicate. It involves examining the cognitive processes involved in language processing and comprehension.
Historical comparative dialectology: This type of dialectology compares different dialects of a language over time to identify common aspects and identify changes in the language.
Geographical comparative dialectology: This type of dialectology compares different dialects of a language spoken in different geographical regions, with the aim of identifying the differences between them.
Sociolinguistic comparative dialectology: This type of dialectology focuses on the relationship between social factors and dialect variation, such as age, gender, social class, and ethnicity.
Typological comparative dialectology: This type of dialectology compares dialects of different languages spoken in the same geographical area or that have some similarities in their structure, with the aim of identifying common linguistic features.
Contact linguistics comparative dialectology: This type of dialectology compares dialects that have been influenced by contact with other languages and cultures.
Contrastive dialectology: This type of dialectology compares dialects of a language that are spoken in different regions or countries to highlight the differences between them. It is often used as a tool for language teaching and learning.