- "Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory in physics that provides a description of the physical properties of nature at the scale of atoms and subatomic particles."
It studies how subatomic particles self-organize, including how quantum mechanics can explain natural phenomena.
Wave-particle duality: The concept that particles can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties.
Superposition: The principle that quantum systems are simultaneously in multiple states until they are observed or measured.
Entanglement: The phenomenon where the quantum state of two or more particles is interdependent, regardless of spatial separation.
Uncertainty principle: The principle that there is a limit to how much we can know about a particle's position and momentum simultaneously.
Schrodinger's equation: The mathematical formula used to model quantum behavior.
Quantum tunneling: The ability of particles to penetrate potential barriers that classical physics would predict they cannot cross.
Quantum computing: An emerging technology that uses quantum mechanical phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to perform complex computations faster than classical computers.
Quantum cryptography: A method of encoding information using quantum mechanical principles to ensure its security.
Quantum field theory: The theoretical framework that combines quantum mechanics and special relativity to describe particle interactions.
Quantum electrodynamics: A fundamental theory in physics that describes the interactions of photons and charged particles and is the basis for many modern technologies like lasers and electronics.
Quantum Mechanics: A branch of physics that describes the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic level. Quantum mechanics is the foundation of all quantum physics.
Quantum field theory: A theoretical framework that combines quantum mechanics with special relativity to describe how particles and fields interact with each other.
Quantum electrodynamics: A quantum field theory that unifies quantum mechanics with classical electrodynamics. It describes how electrically charged particles interact with photons.
Quantum gravity: A theoretical framework that attempts to unify quantum mechanics with general relativity to describe the behavior of gravity at the subatomic level.
Quantum computing: The use of quantum-mechanical phenomena to perform computation. Quantum computers are different from classical computers in that they use qubits, which can exist in a superposition of states.
Quantum information theory: The study of how information can be processed and transmitted using quantum systems. It is used in quantum cryptography and quantum communication.
Quantum optics: The study of how light interacts with matter at the quantum level. It is used in applications such as quantum cryptography and quantum computing.
Quantum biology: The study of how quantum mechanics can play a role in biological systems, such as photosynthesis and the sense of smell.
Quantum chemistry: The application of quantum mechanics to the study of chemical systems. It is used to calculate the properties of molecules and reactions.
Quantum materials: The study of the properties of materials at the quantum level. It is used to develop new materials for applications such as electronics and energy storage.
- "It is the foundation of all quantum physics including quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science."
- "Quantum mechanics differs from classical physics in that energy, momentum, angular momentum, and other quantities of a bound system are restricted to discrete values (quantization); objects have characteristics of both particles and waves (wave-particle duality); and there are limits to how accurately the value of a physical quantity can be predicted prior to its measurement, given a complete set of initial conditions (the uncertainty principle)."
- "Quantum mechanics arose gradually from theories to explain observations that could not be reconciled with classical physics, such as Max Planck's solution in 1900 to the black-body radiation problem, and the correspondence between energy and frequency in Albert Einstein's 1905 paper, which explained the photoelectric effect."
- "These early attempts to understand microscopic phenomena, now known as the 'old quantum theory,' led to the full development of quantum mechanics in the mid-1920s by Niels Bohr, Erwin Schrödinger, Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, Paul Dirac, and others."
- "In one of them, a mathematical entity called the wave function provides information, in the form of probability amplitudes, about what measurements of a particle's energy, momentum, and other physical properties may yield."
- "Objects have characteristics of both particles and waves (wave-particle duality)."
- "Most theories in classical physics can be derived from quantum mechanics as an approximation valid at large (macroscopic) scale."
- "Max Planck's solution in 1900 to the black-body radiation problem."
- "Albert Einstein's 1905 paper, which explained the photoelectric effect."
- "There are limits to how accurately the value of a physical quantity can be predicted prior to its measurement, given a complete set of initial conditions (the uncertainty principle)."
- "Quantum mechanics is the foundation of all quantum physics."
- "Energy, momentum, angular momentum, and other quantities of a bound system are restricted to discrete values (quantization)."
- "These early attempts to understand microscopic phenomena, now known as the 'old quantum theory.'"
- "Classical physics describes many aspects of nature at an ordinary (macroscopic) scale."
- "The modern theory is formulated in various specially developed mathematical formalisms."
- "Quantum mechanics provides a description of the physical properties of nature at the scale of atoms and subatomic particles."
- "Quantum mechanics is the foundation of all quantum physics including quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science."
- "The wave function provides information, in the form of probability amplitudes, about what measurements of a particle's energy, momentum, and other physical properties may yield."
- "The old quantum theory led to the full development of quantum mechanics in the mid-1920s by Niels Bohr, Erwin Schrödinger, Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, Paul Dirac, and others."