"An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label such as 192.0.2.1 that is connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. An IP address serves two main functions: network interface identification, and location addressing."
IP Addressing refers to a unique numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network to enable communication and identification.
Introduction to Networking: This topic provides a basic understanding of computer networks, their types, and their applications.
OSI Model: It defines the communication process between two devices in a network by breaking it down into seven layers.
TCP/IP Model: It is a protocol suite used for communication on the internet.
IPv4 and IPv6: Internet Protocol version 4 and version 6 are the two primary versions of IP.
IP Classes: The IP address is classified into five different classes A, B, C, D, and E.
Subnet Mask: Subnetting is the process of dividing an IP network into subnetworks. It requires a subnet mask to do so.
CIDR Notation: CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) notation is a system for specifying IP addresses.
Public IP Address: A public IP address is the IP address assigned by the ISP to a device connected to the internet.
Private IP Address: A private IP address is an IP address used within a private network.
Router: A router is a networking device that connects two or more networks and forwards data packets between them.
Gateway: A gateway is a node that connects two different networks and is responsible for routing the packets.
DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a protocol for automatically assigning IP addresses to devices.
DNS: The Domain Name System (DNS) is a system that translates domain names into IP addresses.
NAT: Network Address Translation (NAT) is a technique that allows multiple devices to share a single public IP address.
ARP: Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is used to map a network address to a physical address.
VLAN: Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) is a method of creating logical networks within a physical network.
Firewall: A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic.
VPN: Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a secure way of connecting two networks over the internet, providing a private network connection.
IPv6 Addressing: IPv6 is the new version of IP that provides a larger addressing space and better security.
Network Security: Network security is a critical aspect of networking to minimise risks and protect against cyber attacks.
Public IP Address: A unique address that identifies a device on the internet. It's assigned by an Internet Service Provider (ISP) and can be static or dynamic.
Private IP Address: An address that identifies a device on a private network. It's used for communication within the local network and not accessible from outside the network.
Static IP Address: An IP address that stays the same over time and is assigned manually. It's commonly used for servers and devices that require identification on a consistent basis.
Dynamic IP Address: An IP address that changes over time and is assigned automatically by a DHCP server. It's commonly used for home and office networks, as it's more cost-effective.
IPv4 Address: A 32-bit address that uses four groups of numbers ranging from 0 to 255 to identify a device on a network. This is the most widely used addressing scheme in networks.
IPv6 Address: A 128-bit address that uses hexadecimal numbering to identify a device on a network. It's designed to replace IPv4 and offers more numerical combinations.
Unicast Address: An address used for one-to-one communication between two devices.
Broadcast Address: An address used to send messages to all devices on a network.
Multicast Address: An address used to send messages to a specified group of devices on a network.
Anycast Address: An address used to send messages to the nearest of multiple devices with the same address.
"Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) defines an IP address as a 32-bit number. However, because of the growth of the Internet and the depletion of available IPv4 addresses, a new version of IP (IPv6), using 128 bits for the IP address, was standardized in 1998."
"A new version of IP (IPv6), using 128 bits for the IP address, was standardized in 1998."
"IP addresses are written and displayed in human-readable notations, such as 192.0.2.1 in IPv4, and 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:8:1 in IPv6."
"The size of the routing prefix of the address is designated in CIDR notation by suffixing the address with the number of significant bits, e.g., 192.0.2.1/24, which is equivalent to the historically used subnet mask 255.255.255.0."
"The IP address space is managed globally by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)."
"IPv4 addresses were distributed by IANA to the RIRs in blocks of approximately 16.8 million addresses each."
"But have been exhausted at the IANA level since 2011."
"Only one of the RIRs still has a supply for local assignments in Africa."
"Some IPv4 addresses are reserved for private networks and are not globally unique."
"Network administrators assign an IP address to each device connected to a network."
"Such assignments may be on a static (fixed or permanent) or dynamic basis, depending on network practices and software features."
"An IP address serves two main functions: network interface identification, and location addressing."
"An IP address serves two main functions: network interface identification, and location addressing."
"A new version of IP (IPv6), using 128 bits for the IP address..."
"Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) defines an IP address as a 32-bit number."
"By five regional Internet registries (RIRs) responsible in their designated territories for assignment to local Internet registries, such as Internet service providers (ISPs), and other end users."
"...was standardized in 1998."
"IP addresses are written and displayed in human-readable notations..."
"An IP address serves two main functions: network interface identification, and location addressing."