"The term refers to non-criminal law."
Understanding the basics of civil law, including the different types of civil suits, such as contract disputes, personal injury claims, and property disputes.
Legal systems: Understanding the various legal systems and their differences, including civil law, common law, Islamic law, and customary law.
Legal sources: Identifying the sources of law, such as statues, case law, and regulations.
Courts and judges: Understanding the structure and functions of the court system and the role of judges.
Legal terminology: Familiarizing oneself with legal terms and jargon.
Jurisdiction: Knowing the territory or power of a court or judicial body.
Contracts: Understanding the basics of contract law, such as the formation, enforcement, and termination of contracts.
Tort law: Understanding the legal concepts behind tort law and how to protect oneself from civil wrongs.
Property law: Understanding the basics of property ownership and the rights and responsibilities of the owners.
Family law: Understanding the legal standards governing family relations, including divorce, adoption, and child custody.
Criminal law: Understanding the legal standards governing offenses in society, their effects on offenders, and methods of control.
Immigration law: Understanding the legal frameworks governing immigration administrative law and procedures.
Intellectual property: Understanding the legal concepts governing the creation and use of intellectual property.
Corporate law: Understanding the legal standards governing business entities and their workings.
Labor law: Understanding the legal standards governing employer-employee relations.
Constitutional law: Understanding the legal standards governing state and federal constitutions.
Administrative law: Understanding the legal frameworks governing administrative agencies, including federal and state regulations and their enforcement.
International law: Understanding the various legal systems and principles governing relations between states and legal entities.
Environmental law: Understanding the legal frameworks governing environmental controls, including pollution controls and wildlife conservation.
Dispute resolution: Understanding the various methods used to resolve disputes, including mediation, arbitration, and litigation.
Ethics: Understanding the ethical principles governing legal practice and the conduct of legal professionals.
Contract law: Governs the creation and enforcement of agreements between two or more parties.
Property law: Concerns the ownership, purchase, sale, and leasing of land and buildings.
Tort law: Relates to civil wrongdoings, where individuals or entities cause harm or loss to others unintentionally or intentionally.
Family law: Addresses legal matters related to families, such as marriage, divorce, child custody, and adoption.
Employment law: Governs employer-employee relationships, including discrimination, unfair dismissal, harassment, and workers' compensation.
Administrative law: Deals with the relationship between citizens and government agencies, including approval of permits, licensing, and regulatory compliance.
Intellectual property law: Protects patents, trademarks, copyrights, and other forms of intellectual property.
Environmental law: Promotes measures that safeguard air, water, soil, and other natural resources.
Election law: Regulates the conduct of elections, including voter registration and campaign financing.
Banking law: Controls the activities of banks and other financial institutions.
"The law relating to civil wrongs and quasi-contracts is part of the civil law, as is law of property."
"Civil law may, like criminal law, be divided into substantive law and procedural law."
"The rights and duties of persons (natural persons and legal persons) amongst themselves."
"It is often suggested that civil proceedings are taken for the purpose of obtaining compensation for injury, and may thus be distinguished from criminal proceedings, whose purpose is to inflict punishment."
"Yes, exemplary damages or punitive damages may be awarded in civil proceedings."
"Formerly, common informers used to sue for a penalty in civil proceedings."
"No, civil proceedings cannot be defined as those taken in civil courts, as some courts have both a civil and criminal jurisdiction."
"The burden of proof in civil proceedings is, in general—with a number of exceptions such as committal proceedings for civil contempt—proof on a balance of probabilities."
"The burden of proof requires the plaintiff to convince the court of the plaintiff's entitlement to the relief sought."
"The plaintiff must prove each element of the claim, or cause of action in order to recover." Note: I have provided answers to the questions based on the given paragraph, but some questions might require further information from external sources for a comprehensive understanding.