"Authorization or authorisation is the function of specifying access rights/privileges to resources, which is related to general information security and computer security, and to access control in particular."
The process of granting or denying access to a user or system.
Authentication: A process through which a user's identity is verified before granting access to a system or resource.
Access Control: The practice of limiting access to system resources based on a user's identity, role, or other criteria.
Authorization Models: A set of principles, policies, and procedures that govern access rights and privileges for different types of users and resources.
Policies: A set of rules that define the criteria for granting or denying access to resources based on user attributes like roles, groups, and permissions.
Roles: A preconfigured set of access controls that define a user's level of access based on their job function or organizational role.
Permissions: Controls that define the level of access a user has to a resource or group of resources.
Tokens and Credentials: Authentication and authorization mechanisms that are used to validate a user's identity and grant them access to a resource.
Kerberos: A network authentication protocol used to authenticate users and devices within a network and establish secure communications.
OAuth: An open standard for authorization that enables third-party applications to access user data on a resource server without revealing the user's credentials.
SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language): An XML-based standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between different identity providers and service providers.
OpenID Connect: A simple identity layer over the OAuth 2.0 protocol that enables users to authenticate across websites and applications using a single idenitity.
Two-factor Authentication: A method of authentication where a user must present two forms of identification, such as a password and a security token, to prove their identity.
Single Sign-On (SSO): A mechanism that allows a user to log in once and access multiple systems or applications without having to authenticate separately for each one.
Federated Identity: A system of trust relationships between different organizations that enable users to access resources across organizational boundaries using a single set of credentials.
RBAC (Role-Based Access Control): A security model in which access to resources is granted based on a user's role within an organization.
Role-based access control (RBAC): A policy-neutral access control model that limits access to resources based on the roles assigned to users within an organization or system.
Discretionary access control (DAC): An access control model that allows owners or administrators of resources to control who can access them.
Mandatory access control (MAC): An access control model that enforces strict access control policies determined by a central authority.
Attribute-based access control (ABAC): A access control model that uses attributes associated with users, objects, or environments to determine access permissions.
Rule-based access control (RuBAC): An access control model that evaluates access requests against a set of predefined rules.
Context-based access control (CBAC): An access control model that uses contextual information to make access decisions, such as time of day, location, or user behavior.
Attribute-based encryption (ABE): A cryptographic technique that encrypts data based on the attributes associated with users or objects.
Biometric authentication: A security method that uses physical or behavioral characteristics, such as fingerprints or facial recognition, to verify a user's identity.
Multi-factor authentication (MFA): A security method that requires users to provide multiple forms of authentication, such as a password and a security token.
Single sign-on (SSO): A security method that allows users to authenticate once and access multiple resources without having to repeatedly enter their credentials.
"For example, human resources staff are normally authorized to access employee records, and this policy is often formalized as access control rules in a computer system."
"Resources include individual files or an item's data, computer programs, computer devices, and functionality provided by computer applications."
"Examples of consumers are computer users, computer software, and other hardware on the computer."
"During operation, the system uses the access control rules to decide whether access requests from (authenticated) consumers shall be approved (granted) or disapproved (rejected)."
"The function of specifying access rights/privileges to resources."
"Authorization or authorisation (see spelling differences)."
"...this policy is often formalized as access control rules in a computer system."
"Human resources staff are normally authorized to access employee records."
"Authorization is related to general information security and computer security."
"The system uses the access control rules to decide whether access requests from (authenticated) consumers shall be approved (granted) or disapproved (rejected)."
"The function of specifying access rights/privileges to resources."
"Computer programs, computer devices, and functionality provided by computer applications."
"During operation, the system uses the access control rules to decide whether access requests from (authenticated) consumers shall be approved (granted) or disapproved (rejected)."
"To define an access policy."
"For example, human resources staff are normally authorized to access employee records."
"To define an access policy."
"Individual files or an item's data, computer programs, computer devices, and functionality provided by computer applications."
"...access requests from (authenticated) consumers shall be approved (granted) or disapproved (rejected)."
"Authorization is related to general information security and computer security." Note: The quotes provided are paraphrased excerpts from the paragraph and may not match the exact wording.