"Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is the field of cryptographic systems that use pairs of related keys."
A type of encryption where two different keys, a public key and a private key, are used to encrypt and decrypt a message.
Public Key Cryptography: This is the foundation of asymmetric key cryptography, where two different keys are used for encryption and decryption.
Private Key Cryptography: This is where a single key is used for encryption and decryption, such as in symmetric key cryptography.
RSA Algorithm: The most widely used public-key algorithm, based on the mathematical concept of factoring large numbers.
Elliptic Curve Cryptography: A public-key algorithm that uses elliptic curves over finite fields to generate keys.
Digital Signatures: A way of verifying the authenticity and integrity of digital messages using public-key cryptography.
Hash Functions: Used to create a fixed-length message digest from input data, which is useful for verifying the integrity of data.
Message Authentication Codes: Used to authenticate messages and ensure their integrity, similar to digital signatures but faster and with less overhead.
Key Exchange Protocols: Used to securely exchange keys between two parties, such as in SSL/TLS for secure web communication.
Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange: A key exchange protocol based on the discrete logarithm problem, widely used in SSL/TLS.
Hybrid Cryptography: A combination of symmetric and asymmetric key cryptography, where a session key is generated using asymmetric key cryptography and used for symmetric key encryption.
RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman): RSA is a widely used Asymmetric Key Cryptography method for secure data transmission. It uses a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption.
Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC): ECC is a key exchange algorithm that provides the same level of security as RSA, but with shorter key sizes. It is widely used in mobile and IoT devices to provide secure communication.
Diffie–Hellman key exchange (DH): DH is one of the earliest Asymmetric Key Cryptography algorithms that allow two parties to exchange keys securely over an insecure channel.
Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA): DSA is used for digital signatures and verification of the integrity of digital documents. It uses a public key for verifying digital signatures and a private key to generate digital signatures.
ElGamal: ElGamal is a public-key encryption scheme that allows secure data transmission between two parties.
McEliece: McEliece is a code-based public-key cryptosystem that uses error-correcting codes for encryption and decryption.
Identity-based encryption (IBE): IBE is a public-key cryptosystem that uses an identity (such as an email address) as the public key.
Quantum cryptography: Quantum cryptography uses the principles of quantum mechanics to provide secure communication. It is considered to be unbreakable and provides perfect security against eavesdropping.
Lattice-based cryptography: Lattice-based cryptography uses mathematical problems that are hard to solve for encryption and decryption.
"Each key pair consists of a public key and a corresponding private key."
"Key pairs are generated with cryptographic algorithms based on mathematical problems termed one-way functions."
"Security of public-key cryptography depends on keeping the private key secret."
"The public key can be openly distributed without compromising security."
"In a public-key encryption system, anyone with a public key can encrypt a message, yielding a ciphertext."
"Only those who know the corresponding private key can decrypt the ciphertext to obtain the original message."
"A journalist can publish the public key of an encryption key pair on a web site so that sources can send secret messages to the news organization in ciphertext."
"However, public-key encryption does not conceal metadata like what computer a source used to send a message, when they sent it, or how long it is."
"Public-key encryption on its own also does not tell the recipient anything about who sent a message—it just conceals the content of a message in a ciphertext."
"In a digital signature system, a sender can use a private key together with a message to create a signature."
"Anyone with the corresponding public key can verify whether the signature matches the message."
"a forger who does not know the private key cannot find any message/signature pair that will pass verification with the public key."
"A software publisher can create a signature key pair and include the public key in software installed on computers."
"Any computer receiving an update can confirm it is genuine by verifying the signature using the public key."
"They underpin numerous Internet standards, such as Transport Layer Security (TLS), SSH, S/MIME and PGP."
"including applications and protocols which offer assurance of the confidentiality, authenticity, and non-repudiability of electronic communications and data storage."
"Compared to symmetric encryption, asymmetric encryption is rather slower than good symmetric encryption, too slow for many purposes."
"Today's cryptosystems (such as TLS, Secure Shell) use both symmetric encryption and asymmetric encryption."
"often by using asymmetric encryption to securely exchange a secret key which is then used for symmetric encryption." By providing these quotes, you can easily refer back to the paragraph and approach each study question with the necessary information.