"Language contact occurs when speakers of two or more languages or varieties interact with and influence each other."
The study of how languages influence each other, including borrowing, code-switching, and pidgins and creoles.
Language change: This topic explores how languages change over time due to various factors such as external influences, internal developments, and language contact.
Linguistic borrowing: This topic focuses on how one language borrows elements from another language, including words, phrases, and grammatical structures.
Code-switching: This topic looks at the practice of switching between languages, dialects or registers during conversation, often due to language contact.
Contact-induced language change: This topic examines how contact between languages can lead to changes in the phonetics, morphology, syntax and lexicon of both languages.
Borrowed words: This topic is a subset of linguistic borrowing which deals specifically with borrowed words or loanwords, and how they are integrated into the borrowing language.
Pidgins and creoles: This topic explores how pidgins and creoles arise and develop as a result of language contact between groups of people with different languages.
Language convergence / divergence: This topic looks at how two languages in contact can either become more similar (converge) or more different (diverge) as a result of the contact.
Language maintenance / shift: This topic deals with the ways in which communities maintain or lose their languages as a result of contact with other languages.
Language policy: This topic looks at how governments and other institutions regulate language use, including language contact situations such as bilingual education and language planning.
Ethnolinguistics: This topic investigates the relationship between language, culture, and identity, particularly in contact situations where multiple languages and cultures overlap.
Bilingualism: A situation where two distinct languages are spoken by a community, or an individual on their day-to-day basis.
Code-Switching: The act of switching from one language, dialect, or variety to another within the same discourse.
Borrowing: When a language changes because its speakers borrow linguistic items from another language, such as loanwords, loan translations or calques.
Pidgin: A simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more linguistic communities.
Creole: A stable natural language that has developed from a mixture of different languages, often over an extended period.
Lingua Franca: A language that is adopted as a common means of communication between speakers of different languages.
Language Shift: A situation where speakers of one language begin to switch their allegiance to another language.
Language Convergence: A situation where two or more languages merge over time so that their grammatical and linguistic features become more similar.
Language Maintenance: The continued use and transmission of a specific language from one generation to the next.
Language Death: A situation where a language dies out completely, with no speakers remaining for it.
"The study of language contact is called contact linguistics."
"When speakers of different languages interact closely, it is typical for their languages to influence each other."
"Language contact can occur at language borders, between adstratum languages, or as the result of migration, with an intrusive language acting as either a superstratum or a substratum."
"Language contact occurs in a variety of phenomena, including language convergence, borrowing, and relexification."
"The common products include pidgins, creoles, code-switching, and mixed languages."
"In many other cases, contact between speakers occurs but the lasting effects on the language are less visible."
"They may, however, include loan words, calques, or other types of borrowed material."
"Multilingualism has been common throughout much of human history."
"Today, most people in the world are multilingual."
"Methods from sociolinguistics (the study of language use in society), from corpus linguistics, and from formal linguistics are used in the study of language contact."
"Language contact can occur at language borders, between adstratum languages..."
"...or as the result of migration, with an intrusive language acting as either a superstratum or a substratum."
"Language contact occurs in a variety of phenomena, including language convergence..."
"Language contact occurs in a variety of phenomena, including borrowing..."
"The common products include pidgins, creoles..."
"The common products include...code-switching..."
"The common products include...mixed languages."
"Methods from sociolinguistics, from corpus linguistics, and from formal linguistics are used in the study of language contact."
"...they may include loan words, calques, or other types of borrowed material."