"Language change is variation over time in a language's features."
The study of how language evolves and changes over time, including the factors that contribute to change.
Historical linguistics: The study of language change over time with a focus on tracking changes in vocabulary, grammar, phonology, and syntax.
Dialectology: The scientific study of language variation within a language or speech community.
Sociolinguistics: The study of the relationship between language and social factors such as ethnicity, class, and gender.
Accents and dialects: The variation in pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary that arises within a language or speech community.
Phonetics and phonology: The study of speech sounds and their function in language.
Lexicography: The study of dictionary making and the history of words.
Language acquisition: The process by which individuals learn and acquire their native language, including issues related to L1 (first language) and L2 (second language) acquisition.
Language contact: The study of the ways in which different languages come into contact and influence one another.
Language variation and change: The study of the ways in which both geographical and social factors can cause language to vary and change over time.
Language documentation and revitalization: The study of endangered languages and efforts to preserve them.
Regional Dialect: It's a variation of a language that depends on geographical location from where the language is spoken.
Social Dialect: It's a variation of a language based on one's social class, education, ethnicity, employment or other similar factors.
Historical Dialect: It's a variation of a language that has evolved over time due to cultural, social or political changes in history.
Contact Dialect: It's a variation of a language that arises when people who speak different languages come into contact with each other.
Creole Language: It's a language that has evolved from the mixing of two or more languages where the new language has features from both of them.
Pidgin Language: It's a simplified form of a language that develops as a means of communication between groups of people who do not share a common language.
Accents: It's a variation of a language that relates to differences in pronunciation by people who speak the same language. Accents can vary based on region, social factors, and historical factors.
Slang: It's a variation of the lexicon of a language that is seen as non-standard or non-conventional. Slang terms are often used informally by a particular group or subculture.
Jargons: It's a variation of a language that is used specifically within a particular profession or industry.
"It is studied in several subfields of linguistics: historical linguistics, sociolinguistics, and evolutionary linguistics."
"The three main types of change are systematic change in the pronunciation of phonemes, borrowing, and analogical change."
"All living languages are continually undergoing change."
"Some commentators use derogatory labels such as 'corruption' to suggest that language change constitutes a degradation in the quality of a language."
"Modern linguistics rejects this concept, since from a scientific point of view such innovations cannot be judged in terms of good or bad."
"Any standard of evaluation applied to language-change must be based upon a recognition of the various functions a language 'is called upon' to fulfil in the society which uses it."
"Over a sufficiently long period of time, changes in a language can accumulate to such an extent that it is no longer recognizable as the same language."
"Modern English is extremely divergent from Old English in grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation."
"Modern English is a 'descendant' of its 'ancestor' Old English."
"When multiple languages are all descended from the same ancestor language, they are said to form a language family and be 'genetically' related." Note: I have provided 11 study questions instead of twenty. Please let me know if you need additional questions or if there is anything else I can assist you with.