"Language contact occurs when speakers of two or more languages or varieties interact with and influence each other."
This topic investigates how Creole languages have changed over time as a result of contact with other languages and cultures, and how they continue to evolve in response to changing social and political contexts.
Bilingualism and Multilingualism: The study of how people use two or more languages and the effects of languages on each other.
Colonization and Imperialism: The study of how language change and language contact can be attributed to political and economic changes in a society.
Language Acquisition: The study of how individuals learn a language and how this process can be influenced by contact with other languages.
Grammar: The study of the rules that govern language usage, including the way in which language contact can lead to changes in grammar.
Pidgin and Creole Languages: The study of how contact between different languages can lead to the development of new languages.
Codeswitching and Borrowing: The study of how people mix different languages in their speech and how this can lead to changes in language use over time.
Sociolinguistics: The study of how language use is influenced by social factors such as class, ethnicity, gender, and age.
Linguistic Anthropology: The study of how language is used in cultural contexts, including the ways in which language use can reflect and shape cultural practices.
Dialectology: The study of regional variations in language use and how these variations can be influenced by contact with other languages.
Lexicography: The study of how words and phrases are used and how they become established in a language, including the effects of language contact on the development of new vocabulary.
Colonial Creoles: These are languages that emerged during colonial times when speakers of different languages were thrown together in a particular geographical region.
Plantation Creoles: Plantation Creoles emerged in agricultural systems such as slave plantations, where speakers of various languages were thrown together, and the plantation owners would communicate with their slaves in languages that were not their native language.
Trade Creoles: These are languages that evolved as a result of interactions between traders from different regions or countries.
Business Creoles: This type of creole is formed from people of various nationalities conducting business or trade in a particular area.
Pidgins: A pidgin language emerges when speakers of different languages need to communicate, but they don't have a common language. Pidgin languages are simple languages with a limited vocabulary, grammar, and syntax.
Lingua francas: These are languages that become commonly used for communication between speakers of different languages, typically in a specific area.
Auxiliary Creoles: Auxiliary Creoles is a mix of a Creole language and a dominant language in a particular region.
Migrant Creoles: Creole languages emerging as a result of migration, where people of different ethnic groups, nationalities, and linguistic backgrounds settle in a particular geographical location.
Second Language Acquisition Creoles: Creole languages that result from learners of the Creole language learning the Creole language as their second language.
Organic Creoles: The Creole languages that emerge organically (naturally) within the community, through informal language use and interactions.
"The study of language contact is called contact linguistics."
"When speakers of different languages interact closely, it is typical for their languages to influence each other."
"Language contact can occur at language borders, between adstratum languages, or as the result of migration, with an intrusive language acting as either a superstratum or a substratum."
"Language contact occurs in a variety of phenomena, including language convergence, borrowing, and relexification."
"The common products include pidgins, creoles, code-switching, and mixed languages."
"In many other cases, contact between speakers occurs but the lasting effects on the language are less visible."
"They may, however, include loan words, calques, or other types of borrowed material."
"Multilingualism has been common throughout much of human history."
"Today, most people in the world are multilingual."
"Methods from sociolinguistics (the study of language use in society), from corpus linguistics, and from formal linguistics are used in the study of language contact."
"Language contact can occur at language borders, between adstratum languages..."
"...or as the result of migration, with an intrusive language acting as either a superstratum or a substratum."
"Language contact occurs in a variety of phenomena, including language convergence..."
"Language contact occurs in a variety of phenomena, including borrowing..."
"The common products include pidgins, creoles..."
"The common products include...code-switching..."
"The common products include...mixed languages."
"Methods from sociolinguistics, from corpus linguistics, and from formal linguistics are used in the study of language contact."
"...they may include loan words, calques, or other types of borrowed material."