"Research design refers to the overall strategy utilized to carry out research that defines a succinct and logical plan to tackle established research question(s) through the collection, interpretation, analysis, and discussion of data."
There are several types of research, including qualitative research, quantitative research, and mixed-methods research.
Types of research: Classification of research into various categories based on the methods, objectives, and tools used in the research process.
Research process: The systematic and organized steps involved in conducting research; includes problem identification, literature review, research design, data collection, analysis, and interpretation.
Research design: The framework or plan of action for conducting research; includes the sample size, data collection methods, data analysis techniques, and the research question or hypothesis.
Sampling techniques: The methods used to select a representative group or sample from the larger population being studied, such as random sampling, stratified sampling, and convenience sampling.
Data collection methods: The tools and techniques used to gather information or data, such as surveys, interviews, observation, and experiments.
Data analysis: The process of organizing, evaluating, interpreting, and drawing conclusions from the collected data, using statistical software and techniques.
Validity and reliability: Measures of the accuracy and consistency of the data collected, which affect the credibility and usefulness of the research findings.
Ethical considerations in research: The principles and guidelines governing the protection of human subjects and the ethical conduct of research, such as informed consent, confidentiality, and avoiding harm.
Quantitative research: Research that uses numerical data and statistical analysis to uncover patterns or relationships between variables; includes experimental research, correlational research, and survey research.
Qualitative research: Research that explores subjective experiences and perceptions through observation, interviews, and analysis; includes case studies, ethnography, and grounded theory.
Mixed-methods research: Research that combines qualitative and quantitative approaches to provide a comprehensive understanding of the research problem, using both numerical and descriptive data.
Action research: Research that is focused on improving practice or solving practical problems in a specific context, involving collaboration between researchers and practitioners.
Systematic review and meta-analysis: Research methods that involve a rigorous and thorough review of existing literature to provide a summary and assessment of research on a particular topic.
Scoping review: A type of systematic review that provides a preliminary overview of the research on a particular topic.
Knowledge synthesis: A process of integrating and synthesizing research evidence from multiple sources to support decision-making and policy development.
Evidence-based practice: A decision-making process that integrates the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values, to improve clinical outcomes and quality of care.
Quantitative research: Involves collecting numerical data and analyzing it using statistical methods. This type of research is often used to answer questions about the prevalence of particular phenomena or to test hypotheses.
Qualitative research: Involves collecting non-numerical data, such as observations, interviews, and focus groups. This type of research is often used to gain an understanding of the social and cultural contexts in which phenomena occur.
Descriptive research: Involves describing the characteristics of a particular phenomenon without attempting to explain why it exists or how it works.
Correlational research: Involves examining the relationship between two or more variables. However, it does not establish a causal relationship between them.
Experimental research: Involves manipulating one variable (the independent variable) to determine how it affects another variable (the dependent variable). This type of research is often used to test hypotheses and establish cause-and-effect relationships.
Observational research: Involves observing and recording behavior as it occurs naturally, without attempting to manipulate any variables. This type of research is often used to gain an understanding of social and cultural contexts.
Case study research: Involves in-depth study of a single individual, group, or organization. This type of research is useful for understanding complex phenomena in their specific contexts.
Longitudinal research: Involves studying a phenomenon over an extended period of time. This type of research is useful for understanding how relationships or processes change over time.
Cross-sectional research: Involves collecting data from a sample of individuals at a single point in time. This type of research is useful for gaining a snapshot of a phenomenon at a particular point in time.
Exploratory research: Involves exploring a phenomenon to gain initial insights or to generate hypotheses for further study. This type of research is often used in the early stages of a research project.
Applied research: Involves using research findings to develop practical solutions to real-world problems.
Basic research: Involves conducting research to gain a deeper understanding of a phenomenon without necessarily having a practical application in mind.
Comparative research: Involves comparing two or more phenomena to gain insights into similarities and differences between them.
Historical research: Involves examining past events or phenomena to gain an understanding of their context and impact.
Participatory research: Involves involving research participants in the research process, often to ensure that the research addresses their needs and concerns.
Mixed-methods research: Involves combining quantitative and qualitative research methods to gain a more comprehensive understanding of a phenomenon.
"Incorporated in the design of a research study will depend on the standpoint of the researcher over their beliefs in the nature of knowledge (see epistemology) and reality (see ontology), often shaped by the disciplinary areas the researcher belongs to."
"...often shaped by the disciplinary areas the researcher belongs to."
"The design of a study defines the study type (descriptive, correlational, semi-experimental, experimental, review, meta-analytic) and sub-type (e.g., descriptive-longitudinal case study), research problem, hypotheses, independent and dependent variables, experimental design, and, if applicable, data collection methods and a statistical analysis plan."
"The design of a study defines the study type, research problem, hypotheses, independent and dependent variables, experimental design, and, if applicable, data collection methods and a statistical analysis plan."
"A research design is a framework that has been created to find answers to research questions."
"...defines a succinct and logical plan to tackle established research question(s) through the collection, interpretation, analysis, and discussion of data."
"Incorporated in the design of a research study will depend on the standpoint of the researcher over their beliefs in the nature of knowledge (see epistemology)..."
"Incorporated in the design of a research study will depend on the standpoint of the researcher over their beliefs in the... reality (see ontology)..."
"The design of a study defines the study type (descriptive, correlational, semi-experimental, experimental, review, meta-analytic) and sub-type..."
"The design of a study defines the study type (descriptive, correlational, semi-experimental, experimental, review, meta-analytic)..."
"...if applicable, data collection methods..."
"...and, if applicable, a statistical analysis plan."
"The design of a study defines the study type (descriptive, correlational, semi-experimental, experimental, review, meta-analytic) and sub-type (e.g., descriptive-longitudinal case study), research problem, hypotheses, independent and dependent variables, experimental design..."
"The design of a study... defines... hypotheses..."
"The design of a study defines... independent and dependent variables..."
"The design of a study defines... experimental design..."
"The design of a study defines... interpretation..."
"The design of a study defines... analysis..."
"The design of a study defines... discussion..." (Please note that the provided quotes are edited versions of the original paragraph to fit within the word limit for a single response.)