"Journalistic objectivity is a considerable notion within the discussion of journalistic professionalism."
Bias refers to a preference for a particular viewpoint, while objectivity refers to presenting information without bias.
Definition of Bias: A biased view is a partial or unbalanced view that sways public opinions in a certain way without considering all the options available.
Types of Bias: Different types of bias include confirmation bias, selection bias, survivorship bias, and availability bias, among others.
Objectivity and Subjectivity: The difference between objective facts and subjective opinions, and how to identify and balance them in reporting.
Sources of Bias: Bias can arise from various sources, including personal beliefs, cultural values, organizational policies, etc.
Avoiding Bias: Key strategies to help avoid bias include seeking multiple perspectives, conducting independent research and analysis, and being open to diverse viewpoints.
Fact-Checking: The process of verifying information to ensure accuracy and reliability.
Types of Sources: Primary and secondary sources, and how to assess their relevance and reliability.
Evaluating Evidence: Critical evaluation of evidence requires examining the quality, relevance, and reliability of sources.
Objectivity in Research: Maintaining objectivity in research involves the use of scientifically valid methods and avoiding undue influence.
Ethics in Research: Ethical considerations include the protection of human subjects, avoiding plagiarism, and ensuring transparency in reporting.
Confirmation bias: A type of bias where people tend to favor information that confirms their preconceived beliefs and ideas, while disregarding or devaluing evidence that contradicts them.
Selection bias: When the selection of data or participants in research is biased, resulting in incorrect representation of the population or results.
Observer bias: Bias that occurs when the observer's expectations or past experiences affect their interpretation of what they are observing.
Recall bias: Bias that occurs when participants' memories of past events are distorted, causing them to recall events differently than they occurred.
Reporting bias: When the way data is recorded or reported is biased, often leading to skewed results.
Publication bias: When selective publishing of research results occurs due to the outcomes of the study, leading to an incomplete understanding of the topic.
Anchoring bias: Refers to the tendency of people to rely too heavily on the first piece of information they receive while making decisions, often leading to cognitive biases.
Hindsight bias: Refers to people's tendency to believe events were more predictable after they have occurred, leading to overestimating one's ability to make accurate predictions.
Factual accuracy: Ensuring that the information provided is accurate and verifiable through reputable sources.
Contextual accuracy: Providing relevant contextual information to provide a holistic understanding of the subject.
Structural accuracy: Ensuring the research or fact-checking follows a well-established methodology.
Selective perception: Avoiding selective perception by considering all perspectives and evidence, even those that are inconvenient or uncomfortable.
Value neutrality: Maintaining neutrality and impartiality in presenting information.
Logical coherence: Ensuring that conclusions arise from logically coherent steps.
Transparency: Being transparent about one's methodology and approach to facilitate reproducibility and scrutiny.
"Journalistic objectivity may refer to fairness, disinterestedness, factuality, and nonpartisanship, but most often encompasses all of these qualities."
"First evolving as a practice in the 18th century..."
"A number of critiques and alternatives to the notion have emerged since, fuelling ongoing and dynamic discourse surrounding the ideal of objectivity in journalism."
"Most newspapers and TV stations depend upon news agencies for their material..."
"...a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers."
"They do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers."
"Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity."
"Objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises – or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality."
"Objectivity in journalism aims to help the audience make up their own mind about a story..."
"To maintain objectivity in journalism, journalists should present the facts whether or not they like or agree with those facts."
"Objective reporting is meant to portray issues and events in a neutral and unbiased manner..."
"Objective reporting should focus on the facts alone..."
"They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity."
"Journalists should present the facts alone and then let audiences interpret those on their own."
"To achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality."
"The demonstrably correct information is their stock-in-trade."
"They report...attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources."
"To provide the facts alone..."
"Objective reporting is meant to portray issues and events in a neutral and unbiased manner, regardless of the writer's opinion or personal beliefs."