- "Journalistic ethics and standards comprise principles of ethics and good practice applicable to journalists."
Understanding the importance of ethical principles such as accuracy, fairness, honesty, and independence in media and journalism.
Objectivity and neutrality: The principles of neutrality and unbiased presentation of information in news reporting and the ethical obligations of journalistic integrity.
Truthfulness and accuracy: The importance of reporting accurate and truthful information as a core responsibility of journalistic ethics.
Privacy and confidentiality: The ethical considerations involved in handling and disseminating personal and confidential information, including sources and subjects.
Freedom of expression and the press: The legal and ethical obligations of reporters and media outlets with respect to the right to free speech and the press.
Conflicts of interest: The ethical considerations in handling news stories where the reporter or media entity has a financial or personal interest in the subject matter.
Sensationalism and exploitation: The ethical considerations surrounding news reporting that exploits personal tragedy, drama or other sensational topics.
Plagiarism and intellectual property: The ethical considerations of plagiarism and intellectual property rights in news reporting.
Diversity and stereotyping: The importance of diversity in news reporting and ethical obligations of journalists to avoid misrepresenting or stereotyping individuals or groups.
Whistleblowing and anonymous sources: The ethical considerations of using anonymous sources and the risks and benefits of whistleblowing.
Global and cultural ethics: The ethical obligations of journalists to respect cultural differences and global issues in reporting the news.
Deontological Ethics: A system of ethics that emphasizes the moral principle of duty, which states that certain actions are inherently right or wrong regardless of their consequences.
Utilitarian Ethics: An ethical theory that emphasizes the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
Virtue Ethics: An approach to ethics that emphasizes the character traits of an individual, and their obligation to live up to the ideal model of human excellence.
Care Ethics: An ethical theory that emphasizes the importance of interpersonal relationships and kindness in ethical decision-making.
Feminist Ethics: An approach to ethics that emphasizes gender equality, and challenges traditional gender roles and stereotypes.
Cultural Relativism: An ethical theory that holds that moral judgments are based on cultural norms and values, and are relative to the specific culture.
Aesthetics Ethics: An ethical theory that focuses on the beauty, art and form of writings, broadcasting, and other media content.
Environmental Ethics: A system of ethics that examines the relationship between humans and the natural world, and emphasizes the importance of preserving and protecting the environment.
Social Contract Theory: An ethical theory that emphasizes the importance of social agreements and contracts between people in ethical decision-making.
Critical Theory: A diverse body of theories that emphasizes the importance of questioning power dynamics and promoting social justice in the media.
- "There are around 400 codes covering journalistic work around the world."
- "Most share common elements including the principles of truthfulness, accuracy and fact-based communications, independence, objectivity, impartiality, fairness, respect for others and public accountability."
- "Like many broader ethical systems, the ethics of journalism include the principle of 'limitation of harm'."
- "such as the names of minor children, crime victims' names, or information not materially related to the news report where the release of such information might, for example, harm someone's reputation or put them at undue risk."
- "There has also been discussion and debate within the journalism community regarding appropriate reporting of suicide and mental health, particularly with regard to verbiage."
- "some European codes, also include a concern with discriminatory references in news based on race, religion, sexual orientation, and physical or mental disabilities."
- "The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe approved (in 1993) Resolution 1003 on the Ethics of Journalism."
- "Resolution 1003 recommends that journalists respect the presumption of innocence, in particular in cases that are still sub judice."
- "This subset of media ethics is known as journalism's professional 'code of ethics' and the 'canons of journalism'."
- "The basic codes and canons commonly appear in statements by professional journalism associations and individual print, broadcast, and online news organizations."
- "most share common elements including the principles of truthfulness, accuracy and fact-based communications, independence, objectivity, impartiality, fairness, respect for others and public accountability, as these apply to the gathering, editing and dissemination of newsworthy information to the public."
- "This may involve enhanced respect for vulnerable groups and the withholding of certain details from reports."
- "the names of minor children, crime victims' names, or information not materially related to the news report where the release of such information might, for example, harm someone's reputation or put them at undue risk."
- "appropriate reporting of suicide and mental health, particularly with regard to verbiage."
- "...independence, objectivity, impartiality, fairness, respect for others and public accountability."
- "discriminatory references in news based on race, religion, sexual orientation, and physical or mental disabilities."
- "around 400 codes covering journalistic work around the world."
- "Resolution 1003 on the Ethics of Journalism...recommends that journalists respect the presumption of innocence."
- "journalism's professional 'code of ethics' and the 'canons of journalism'."