"International Relations (IR) are the interactions among sovereign states."
The study of interactions between two or more countries, including political, economic, and social factors.
International Law: The study of the rules and principles governing relations between states and international organizations.
Global Governance: An analysis of global political, economic and environmental institutions and the mechanisms they use for cooperation and decision-making.
International Security: The study of the use of armed force or other coercive means to achieve state security, including the study of conflict, war and terrorism.
Diplomacy: The art of negotiating agreements between states through diplomatic dialogue, focusing on the techniques and principles of communication, persuasion and negotiation.
Political Economy: The study of international trade, finance, development and the role of multinational corporations in the international system.
Comparative Politics: The study of political systems, cultures, and institutions of various countries, analyzing the factors that shape their policies and decision-making processes.
International Organizations: The role and functions of international organizations and their impact on international relations, including the United Nations, World Bank and other global institutions.
Human Rights: The recognition and protection of universal human rights, including civil liberties, political rights, economic rights and cultural rights.
Conflict Resolution: The study of techniques and methodologies for addressing and preventing conflict, including negotiation, mediation and arbitration.
Media and Communication: The role of the media in shaping international relations, including the impact of propaganda and the influence of social media.
Cultural Studies: The relationship between cultural expression and international politics, analyzing the impact of cultural differences on international relations.
Gender Studies: The gender dimension of international relations, including the role of women in peace and conflict, international development, human rights and diplomacy.
Migration and Refugees: The implications of international migration, including refugees, immigration policy, human trafficking and diaspora politics.
Foreign Policy: The analysis of government policies relating to international relations, including the influence of domestic politics, international organizations, and interest groups.
Environmental Issues: The study of environmental problems and their consequences, including climate change, resource depletion, and pollution.
Diplomatic Relations: This is the formal communication between nations and their governments, including inter-governmental organizations, aimed at negotiating agreements and treaties, and managing bilateral or multilateral relations.
Economic Relations: This type of international relation involves transactions and trade relationships between nations, including the exchange of goods, services, and capital as well as agreements to set common standards and regulations.
Political Relations: This involves the study of the interactions between states, governments, and political actors in international affairs. It covers issues such as diplomacy, conflict resolution, humanitarian law, and human rights.
Military Relations: This type covers the relationship between military forces and their governments in international relations. It also includes military alliances, defense pacts, and the use of force in international affairs.
Cultural Relations: This involves the study of the cultural exchanges and intercultural interactions between countries, including language, arts, media, and education.
Environmental Relations: This covers the issues of global environmental protection, sustainable development, and the impact of climate change and natural disasters on international security.
Transnational Relations: This type involves non-governmental actors in international relations, including non-profits, international organizations, and multinational corporations that operate across borders.
Regional Relations: This covers the study of relations between nations in geographic regions such as Europe, Asia, Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East.
Public Diplomacy: This involves the promotion of a country's image and values through cultural exchange, media, and other forms of public communication.
Development Relations: This type of international relations involves the study of the economic, social, and political development of nations and their relationships with more developed nations and international organizations.
"It concerns all activities among states—such as war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy—as well as relations with and among other international actors."
"Other international actors, such as intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs), international legal bodies, and multinational corporations (MNCs)."
"There are several schools of thought within IR, of which the most prominent are realism, liberalism, and constructivism."
"International relations is widely classified as a major subdiscipline of political science."
"It also often draws heavily from other fields, including anthropology, economics, geography, law, philosophy, sociology, and history."
"International relations did not become a discrete field until 1919."
"...first offered as an undergraduate major by Aberystwyth University in the United Kingdom."
"...in response to the geostrategic concerns of the Cold War."
"The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rise of globalization in the late 20th century."
"The scientific study of those interactions is called international studies, international politics, or international affairs."
"The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rise of globalization."
"Itergovernmental organizations (IGOs), international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs), international legal bodies, and multinational corporations (MNCs)."
"...such as war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy."
"...particularly in North America and Western Europe."
"International relations is widely classified as a major subdiscipline of political science."
"...geostrategic concerns of the Cold War."
"It also often draws heavily from other fields, including anthropology, economics, geography, law, philosophy, sociology, and history."
"The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rise of globalization."
"...war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy."