"Motor learning refers broadly to changes in an organism's movements that reflect changes in the structure and function of the nervous system."
The study of how people learn and develop motor skills, including strategies for optimizing skill acquisition.
Motor Control: The study of how the nervous system coordinates and produces movement.
Motor Learning: The process of acquiring and using skills and knowledge for movement.
Motor Development: The study of how motor skills develop throughout childhood and into adulthood.
Neural Mechanisms of Movement: Understanding the underlying neural circuits and mechanisms that contribute to motor control and learning.
Skill Acquisition and Performance: How individuals acquire new motor skills and their ability to execute them efficiently.
Attention and Perception: How perceptual cues and attentional focus affect motor learning and performance.
Feedback and Error Correction: Incorporating feedback to correct movement errors and enhance motor learning.
Practice and Training: Optimal practice conditions and training methods to improve motor skill acquisition and retention.
Transfer of Learning: The extent to which practicing one skill transfers to the performance of other skills.
Motor Programs and Control Theories: Theories explaining how the brain organizes and controls movement.
Muscle Mechanics and Biomechanics: Understanding the mechanics of muscle force generation and how forces affect joint movements during motor activities.
Motor Performance Analysis: Examining the movement patterns of individuals to assess effective or ineffective movement techniques during tasks.
Implicit motor learning: Implicit motor learning is an unconscious type of motor learning in which an individual learns a new motor skill without actively thinking about the movements. The learning process is gradual and usually occurs through repeated practice.
Explicit motor learning: Explicit motor learning, as the name suggests, is a conscious type of motor learning that involves actively thinking about the movements needed to perform the skill. The learning process in explicit motor learning is more focused and intentional than it is in implicit motor learning.
Procedural motor learning: Procedural motor learning involves the performance of a skill through a series of sequential movements, where each movement serves as a cue for the next movement in the sequence.
Declarative motor learning: Declarative motor learning is the acquisition and retention of motor skills that are learned through knowledge of rules, facts, or principles rather than through practice.
Observational motor learning: Observational motor learning involves learning a skill by watching someone else perform it. This type of learning can help an individual imitate and grasp new motor skills more quickly.
Mental practice motor learning: Mental practice motor learning involves imagining oneself performing a skill without actually engaging in the physical execution of the movement. This type of learning can improve the acquisition and retention of motor skills.
Distributed motor learning: Distributed motor learning involves breaking up the practice of a skill into shorter sessions with adequate rest periods in between, allowing for better retention and learning of the skill.
Massed motor learning: Massed motor learning involves prolonged practice of a skill without taking adequate breaks, which can result in physical and mental fatigue and reduced retention of the skill.
Blocked motor learning: Blocked motor learning involves practicing a single motor skill multiple times before moving on to a different skill.
Random motor learning: Random motor learning involves practicing multiple motor skills in a random order, which can improve learning and retention of the skills.
Contextual interference motor learning: Contextual interference motor learning involves practicing multiple motor skills in a challenging or unpredictable environment, which can improve learning and retention of the skills.
Feedback-based motor learning: Feedback-based motor learning involves receiving feedback on the performance of a skill, which can help individuals adjust and improve their movements.
Error-based motor learning: Error-based motor learning involves learning from trial-and-error and making adjustments to motor movements based on feedback from errors made during the learning process.
Experiential motor learning: Experiential motors learning involves learning through the exploration of various movements and the physical sensation and feedback received from performing those movements.
"Motor learning occurs over varying timescales and degrees of complexity."
"Humans learn to walk or talk over the course of years."
"Humans continue to adjust to changes in height, weight, strength, etc. over their lifetimes."
"Motor learning enables animals to gain new skills and improves the smoothness and accuracy of movements."
"Motor learning calibrates simple movements like reflexes."
"Motor learning research often considers variables that contribute to motor program formation, sensitivity of error-detection processes, and strength of movement schemas."
"Motor learning is 'relatively permanent' as the capability to respond appropriately is acquired and retained."
"Temporary gains in performance during practice or in response to some perturbation are often termed motor adaptation, a transient form of learning."
"Neuroscience research on motor learning is concerned with which parts of the brain and spinal cord represent movements and motor programs and how the nervous system processes feedback to change the connectivity and synaptic strengths."
"At the behavioral level, research focuses on the design and effect of the main components driving motor learning, i.e. the structure of practice and the feedback."
"The timing and organization of practice can influence information retention, e.g. how tasks can be subdivided and practiced."
"The precise form of feedback can influence preparation, anticipation, and guidance of movement."
"Motor learning enables animals to gain new skills."
"Motor learning improves the smoothness and accuracy of movements."
"Motor learning research often considers variables that contribute to motor program formation, sensitivity of error-detection processes, and strength of movement schemas."
"Motor learning refers broadly to changes in an organism's movements that reflect changes in the structure and function of the nervous system."
"Motor learning enables humans to adjust to changes in height, weight, strength, etc. over their lifetimes."
"Motor adaptation is a transient form of learning that refers to temporary gains in performance during practice or in response to some perturbation."
"The precise form of feedback can influence preparation, anticipation, and guidance of movement."