"The Industrial Revolution, also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was a period of global transition of human economy towards more efficient and stable manufacturing processes that succeeded the Agricultural Revolution, starting from Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States, that occurred during the period from around 1760 to about 1820–1840."
The growth of industries and manufacturing led to the rapid expansion and development of urban areas.
The Industrial Revolution: A period of time when factory manufacturing and mechanization rapidly increased, making production more efficient.
Urbanization: The growth and expansion of urban areas due to the rise of Industrialization.
Capitalism: A system where businesses are privately owned to increase profit.
Migration: The movement of people from rural to urban areas, in search of jobs in the factories.
Inventions and Innovations: The many technological advancements that occurred during the Industrial Revolution.
Labor and Workers: The ways in which labor was organized during Industrialization and the working conditions.
Communication: The vast improvements in communication that came with the spread of telegraphs, phones, and transportation networks.
Disease and Medicine: The impact of urbanization on public health, the spread of diseases, and the development of medicine.
Social Class: The role of social class, particularly the rising middle class, in Industrialization and urbanization.
Environmental and Ecological Impact: The impact Industrialization and urbanization had on the environment.
Politics and Government: The political changes, policies, and laws that were adopted in response to the growing industrial cities.
Education: The spread of education and literacy during the Industrial Revolution.
Religion: The impact of Industrialization and urbanization on religion and religious institutions.
Gender Roles and Family Dynamics: The impact of Industrialization and urbanization on gender roles and the structure of families.
Art and Culture: The impact of Industrialization and urbanization on art and culture, particularly the rise of consumer culture.
Industrialization through Mechanization: This type of industrialization was characterized by a shift from hand production to machine-based production. It led to mass production, improved efficiency, and increased productivity.
Industrialization through Capitalization: In this type of industrialization, capital was used to invest in machinery, technology, and infrastructure. It facilitated the rise of large corporations, and the concentration of wealth and power.
Industrialization through Globalization: With globalization, businesses moved their manufacturing and production plants to different countries. It brought about the growth of international trade, facilitated by advancements in transportation and communication technologies.
Urbanization through Migration: This type of urbanization was characterized by the movement of people from rural areas to cities in search of better economic opportunities. It led to explosive growth in cities, often resulting in overcrowding, poverty, and social inequality.
Urbanization through Urban Renewal: This type of urbanization involved the redevelopment of urban areas to upgrade or replace old infrastructure, buildings, and public spaces. It was done to accommodate the growing urban population and to modernize cities.
Urbanization through Gentrification: This type of urbanization involved the revitalization and redevelopment of urban areas, often inhabited by low-income groups, to attract wealthier residents. Gentrification often led to displacement and increased housing costs for poorer residents.
Urbanization through Smart City: Smart City is a type of urbanization that employs data, technology, and innovation to build sustainable, connected, and livable cities. It aims to optimize the use of resources, provide efficient services, and enhance the quality of life for citizens.
"This transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and the rise of the mechanized factory system."
"The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested."
"On a structural level, the Industrial Revolution asked society the so-called social question, demanding new ideas for managing large groups of individuals."
"Visible poverty on one hand and growing population and materialistic wealth on the other caused tensions between the very rich and the poorest people within society."
"These tensions were sometimes violently released and led to philosophical ideas such as socialism, communism, and anarchism."
"The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, and many of the technological and architectural innovations were of British origin."
"The development of trade and the rise of business were among the major causes of the Industrial Revolution."
"The Industrial Revolution influenced in some way almost every aspect of daily life."
"Some economists have said the most important effect of the Industrial Revolution was that the standard of living for the general population in the Western world began to increase consistently for the first time in history."
"GDP per capita was broadly stable before the Industrial Revolution and the emergence of the modern capitalist economy, while the Industrial Revolution began an era of per-capita economic growth in capitalist economies."
"Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history since the domestication of animals and plants."
"Eric Hobsbawm held that the Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the 1780s and was not fully felt until the 1830s or 1840s."
"Rapid industrialization first began in Britain, starting with mechanized textiles spinning in the 1780s, with high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurring after 1800."
"An economic recession occurred from the late 1830s to the early 1840s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanized spinning and weaving, slowed as their markets matured."
"New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s and 1850s, were not powerful enough to drive high rates of growth."
"Rapid economic growth began to occur after 1870, springing from a new group of innovations in what has been called the Second Industrial Revolution."
"These innovations included new steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, the large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and the use of increasingly advanced machinery in steam-powered factories."
"The development of trade and the rise of business were among the major causes of the Industrial Revolution."
"The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States, with mechanized textile production spreading to Belgium, the United States, and later textiles in France."