- "In absolute numbers, the United States has by far the highest number of immigrant population in the world, with 50,661,149 people as of 2019."
The influx of immigrants from different countries and cultures had a significant impact on the social and economic development of urban areas.
Historical context: Understanding the historical trends and events that have affected immigration to urban areas, such as the impact of wars, economic booms and busts, political upheavals, and cultural changes.
Demographics: Studying the demographic characteristics of immigrant populations in different urban areas, including their age, gender, ethnicity, and cultural background.
Social networks: Analyzing the role of social networks in facilitating immigration and settlement patterns, including the importance of kinship ties, friendship networks, and religious organizations.
Economic integration: Understanding the economic integration of immigrants into urban labor markets and the extent to which they are able to secure stable employment and upward social mobility.
Politics and policy: Examining the political and policy factors that shape immigration patterns, such as government policies on visas, naturalization, and deportation.
Cultural identity: Exploring the cultural identity of immigrant populations and how it evolves over time, including the role of language, religion, and traditional customs in shaping cultural practices.
Housing and spatial segregation: Investigating the housing and spatial segregation of immigrant populations in urban areas and the reasons behind these patterns.
Community development: Understanding the role of community development in immigrant integration, including the formation of ethnic enclaves, community organizations, and political mobilization efforts.
Education: Analyzing the education outcomes of immigrant children, including issues related to language acquisition, access to quality education, and the impact of cultural differences on educational performance.
Health: Examining the health outcomes of immigrant populations, including issues related to access to healthcare, cultural barriers to healthcare utilization, and the impact of social and economic factors on health disparities.
Labor immigration: This type of immigration is driven by the need for labor in industrialized cities. Immigrants move to urban areas to work at low-wage, manual labor jobs in factories and other industries.
Migration for Economic Opportunities: Going or Leaving a City to pursue better economic opportunities. Includes people who migrate for better jobs, pay, or to escape poverty, often leading to overcrowding in cities.
Forced immigration: Forced immigration refers to the type of migration in which people are forced to leave their homes or forced to migrate because of natural or manmade disasters, war, or religious or political persecution.
Refugee immigration: Similar to forced immigration, refugee immigration occurs when people leave their homes to escape persecution, war, or conflict.
Family-based immigration: Family-based immigration is the process by which relatives of a U.S. citizen, lawful permanent resident or other foreign national may immigrate to the United States.
Marriage-based immigration: Marriage-based immigration is another way for foreign nationals to legally stay in the United States by getting married to a U.S. citizen or a lawful permanent resident.
Educational immigration: Provisions for relevant visas allowing people to pursue educational opportunities globally.
Investor immigration: Investor immigration is a type of immigration that allows foreign investors to invest in a country in exchange for residency or citizenship.
Urbanization-induced immigration: Immigrants moving to urban areas due to rapid urbanization, leading to crowding, poorer health, and environmental degradation.
Transitional immigration: This type of immigration is temporary and occurs when people move to another country for a short period of time for work or education purposes.
- "This represents 19.1% of the 244 million international migrants worldwide."
- "In 2018, there were almost 90 million immigrants and U.S.-born children of immigrants in the United States."
- "Of these, 48% were the immediate relatives of United States citizens, 20% were family-sponsored, 13% were refugees or asylum seekers, 12% were employment-based preferences, 4.2% were part of the Diversity Immigrant Visa program..."
- "Between 1921 and 1965, policies such as the national origins formula limited immigration and naturalization opportunities for people from areas outside Northwestern Europe."
- "The civil rights movement led to the replacement of these ethnic quotas with per-country limits for family-sponsored and employment-based preference visas."
- "Between 2018 and 2021, the number of first-generation immigrants living in the United States has quadrupled."
- "Census estimates show 45.3 million foreign born residents in the United States as of March 2018."
- "Some 45% (20.7 million) were naturalized citizens."
- "The United States led the world in refugee resettlement for decades, admitting more refugees than the rest of the world combined."
- "The evidence suggests that on average, immigration has positive economic effects on the native population."
- "It is mixed as to whether low-skilled immigration adversely affects low-skilled natives."
- "Studies also show that immigrants have lower crime rates than natives in the United States."
- "The economic, social, and political aspects of immigration have caused controversy regarding such issues as maintaining ethnic homogeneity, workers for employers versus jobs for non-immigrants, settlement patterns, impact on upward social mobility, crime, and voting behavior."
- "This represents 14.4% of the United States' population."
- "The United States admitted a total of 1.18 million legal immigrants (618k new arrivals, 565k status adjustments) in 2016."
- "Of these, 48% were the immediate relatives of United States citizens, 20% were family-sponsored, 13% were refugees or asylum seekers, 12% were employment-based preferences..."
- "Census estimates show 45.4 million in September 2021, the lowest three-year increase in decades."
- "Exclusion laws enacted as early as the 1880s generally prohibited or severely restricted immigration from Asia..."
- "Quota laws enacted in the 1920s curtailed Southern and Eastern European immigration."