- "Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms." - "Heredity is vital to organisms' evolution."
Study of the hereditary and genetic characteristics of living organisms, and the development of technologies such as genetic engineering and biotechnology.
DNA: The genetic material that carries information about an organism's traits and characteristics.
Genes: Segments of DNA that encode for specific proteins and determine an organism's traits.
Chromosomes: Structures made of tightly coiled DNA that contain genes and are involved in cell division.
Mutations: Changes in the DNA sequence that can result in altered traits or disease.
Genetic disorders: Conditions caused by mutations or abnormalities in one or more genes.
Inheritance patterns: The ways in which genetic traits are passed down from parents to offspring.
Genetic counseling: The process of evaluating and communicating the risk and implications of genetic disorders in a family or individual.
Genetic testing: Methods to identify genetic mutations or variations that may contribute to disease or affect traits.
Biotechnology: The use of living organisms, cells, and biological systems to develop new products and technologies.
Genetic engineering: The manipulation of an organism's genome through the introduction or deletion of specific genes.
CRISPR/Cas9: A gene editing technology that allows for precise and efficient modification of specific DNA sequences.
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs): Organisms whose genetic material has been altered through genetic engineering.
Cloning: The process of producing genetically identical copies of an organism or cell.
Stem cells: Cells that have the potential to differentiate into various types of cells and tissues.
Synthetic biology: The design and construction of new biological systems and organisms with specific functions or traits.
Bioinformatics: The use of computer algorithms and tools to analyze and interpret biological data, such as DNA sequences.
Pharmacogenomics: The study of how an individual's genetic makeup affects their response to drugs and medications.
Gene therapy: The use of genetic engineering to treat or prevent genetic disorders by altering or replacing faulty genes.
Epigenetics: The study of changes in gene expression and phenotype that do not involve changes in the DNA sequence itself.
Personalized medicine: Medical treatments and interventions customized to an individual's genetic and biological makeup.
Classical Genetics: Classic genetics refers to the study of inheritance patterns through the analysis of genes and chromosomes. Researchers use this process to determine how traits are passed down through generations.
Molecular Genetics: Molecular genetics involves the study of genes and their functions. This field focuses on the study of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis which makes it possible to determine the extent of genetic variation on the molecular level.
Evolutionary Genetics: Evolutionary genetics involves the study of genetic variation over time. This field analyzes changes in genetic frequencies among populations and how they relate to the evolution of species.
Population Genetics: Population genetics tracks genetic variations in populations and their evolution over time. It applies statistical tools to investigate genetic drift, adaptations, and gene flow between populations.
Biotechnology: Biotechnology is a branch of science that primarily concerns the use of living organisms or their products to create modified and useful products. A few examples are recombinant DNA technology, gene therapy, plant biotechnology, industrial microbiology, bioinformatics, and bioprocessing.
Medical Genetics: Medical genetics is the study of genetic disorders and diseases. The objective is to find the causes of genetic disorders to create effective treatments for them.
Genomics: Genomics is the study of the entire genetic content of organisms. This field focuses on mapping and sequencing entire genomes.
Proteomics: Proteomics is the study of the proteins and the function they perform in the body. This analytical field focuses on Proteins' chemical and physical properties, functions, interactions, and localization in cells.
Synthetic Biology: Synthetic biology is the engineering of biological systems to design and create new products, such as biofuels, medical treatments, and sensors.
Environmental Genetics: Environmental genetics studies the relationship between genes and environmental factors, including the study of the impact of the environment on gene expression.
- "Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinian friar working in the 19th century in Brno, was the first to study genetics scientifically." - "Mendel studied 'trait inheritance', patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring over time."
- "Organisms (pea plants) inherit traits by way of discrete 'units of inheritance'."
- "This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of what is referred to as a gene."
- "Trait inheritance and molecular inheritance mechanisms of genes are still primary principles of genetics in the 21st century."
- "Modern genetics has expanded to study the function and behavior of genes." - "Gene structure and function, variation, and distribution are studied within the context of the cell, the organism, and within the context of a population."
- "Genetics has given rise to a number of subfields, including molecular genetics, epigenetics, and population genetics."
- "Organisms studied within the broad field span the domains of life (archaea, bacteria, and eukarya)."
- "Genetic processes work in combination with an organism's environment and experiences to influence development and behavior, often referred to as nature versus nurture."
- "The intracellular or extracellular environment of a living cell or organism may increase or decrease gene transcription."
- "A classic example is two seeds of genetically identical corn, one placed in a temperate climate and one in an arid climate." - "The one in the arid climate only grows to half the height of the one in the temperate climate due to lack of water and nutrients in its environment."
- "Heredity is vital to organisms' evolution."
- "Trait inheritance and molecular inheritance mechanisms of genes are still primary principles of genetics in the 21st century."
- "Gene structure and function, variation, and distribution are studied within the context of the cell, the organism, and within the context of a population."
- "Genetics has given rise to a number of subfields, including population genetics."
- "Genetic processes work in combination with an organism's environment and experiences to influence development and behavior, often referred to as nature versus nurture."
- "The intracellular or extracellular environment of a living cell or organism may increase or decrease gene transcription."
- "A classic example is two seeds of genetically identical corn, one placed in a temperate climate and one in an arid climate." - "The one in the arid climate only grows to half the height of the one in the temperate climate due to lack of water and nutrients in its environment."
- "Genetics has given rise to a number of subfields, including molecular genetics, epigenetics, and population genetics."
- "Organisms studied within the broad field span the domains of life (archaea, bacteria, and eukarya)."