"International Relations (IR) are the interactions among sovereign states."
Interaction and cooperation among nations, international policies such as development assistance, international laws, war and resolution, foreign policy, and diplomacy.
Theoretical foundations of international politics: The major theories in international politics include realism, liberalism, constructivism, and critical theory, among others.
International relations theories: Realism, Liberalism, Constructivism, Marxism, Feminism, Post-colonialism.
Globalization: The process of global integration, including economic, cultural, and political integration.
International political economy: The study of the intersection of politics and economics in the international system.
State sovereignty: The idea that the state is the ultimate decision-maker within its own borders.
Balance of power: The distribution of power among states in the international system.
Foreign policy: The decisions and actions taken by a state towards other countries and international actors.
Diplomacy: The art and practice of negotiation and communication between states.
War and conflict: The history and types of war and conflict, including the causes, consequences, and resolution.
International organizations: The role and functions of international organizations, such as the United Nations, World Trade Organization, and International Monetary Fund.
Regionalism and regional organizations: The role and functions of regional organizations, such as the European Union, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, and the African Union.
Human rights: The protection and promotion of basic human rights, including civil and political rights, economic, social, and cultural rights, and the rights of minorities and refugees.
Environmental issues: The impact of human activity on the environment, including climate change, pollution, and conservation.
Global security: The challenges to global security, including terrorism, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and cyber security.
Migration: The movement of people across borders, including refugees, asylum seekers, and economic migrants.
Realism: This approach to international politics emphasizes the importance of power, security, and national interests above all else.
Liberalism: This approach emphasizes the importance of cooperation, interdependence, and the promotion of human rights and democracy in international relations.
Constructivism: This approach emphasizes the role of social and cultural structures, norms, and ideas in shaping international politics, and focuses on the ways that identities and beliefs shape state behavior.
Marxism: This approach emphasizes the role of economics and class struggle in shaping international politics, arguing that capitalism creates international inequalities and conflicts that can only be resolved through a socialist revolution.
Feminism: This approach emphasizes the role of gender in shaping international politics, arguing that the exclusion of women from the political process and the use of gendered stereotypes in shaping foreign policy has real-world consequences for women's rights and gender equality.
Post-colonialism: This approach emphasizes the historical legacy of colonialism and imperialism in shaping international politics, arguing that the political, economic and cultural domination of Western powers over non-Westerners continues to shape global power relations.
Critical theory: This approach emphasizes the role of power, ideology, and discourse in shaping international politics, arguing that political actors often use discursive power to legitimize their actions and maintain their position of power.
Environmentalism: This approach emphasizes the importance of environmental sustainability in international politics, arguing that human activities have a profound impact on the natural world and that national and international policies need to take this into account.
"It concerns all activities among states—such as war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy—as well as relations with and among other international actors."
"Other international actors, such as intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs), international legal bodies, and multinational corporations (MNCs)."
"There are several schools of thought within IR, of which the most prominent are realism, liberalism, and constructivism."
"International relations is widely classified as a major subdiscipline of political science."
"It also often draws heavily from other fields, including anthropology, economics, geography, law, philosophy, sociology, and history."
"International relations did not become a discrete field until 1919."
"...first offered as an undergraduate major by Aberystwyth University in the United Kingdom."
"...in response to the geostrategic concerns of the Cold War."
"The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rise of globalization in the late 20th century."
"The scientific study of those interactions is called international studies, international politics, or international affairs."
"The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rise of globalization."
"Itergovernmental organizations (IGOs), international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs), international legal bodies, and multinational corporations (MNCs)."
"...such as war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy."
"...particularly in North America and Western Europe."
"International relations is widely classified as a major subdiscipline of political science."
"...geostrategic concerns of the Cold War."
"It also often draws heavily from other fields, including anthropology, economics, geography, law, philosophy, sociology, and history."
"The collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent rise of globalization."
"...war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy."