- "Public health is 'the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals'."
Study of community health and how healthcare systems address large-scale health concerns.
Epidemiology: The study of patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in populations.
Biostatistics: The use of statistical methods to analyze health data and evaluate health interventions.
Health Behavior and Health Promotion: The identification, planning, and implementation of interventions to improve health behaviors and promote healthy lifestyles.
Health Services Administration and Management: The planning, organization, and management of healthcare services.
Environmental Health: The impact of the environment on human health, including the study of environmental toxins and their effects on health.
Global Health: The health issues and challenges that face populations across the globe, including infectious diseases, chronic diseases, and health disparities.
Health Policy and Advocacy: The development, implementation, and analysis of health policies and the advocacy of public health issues.
Public Health Ethics: The ethical considerations involved in public health policy, research, and practice.
Community Health: The identification, analysis, and implementation of interventions that promote health and prevent disease at the community level.
Maternal and Child Health: The study of the health of mothers and children, including prenatal care, infant and child health, and reproductive health.
Occupational Health and Safety: The study of the impact of work on health, including occupational hazards, work-related injuries, and illness prevention.
Nutrition and Food Science: The study of the role of nutrition in health and disease prevention, including basic nutritional science, food safety, and the relationship between diet and disease.
Health Technology and Innovation: The development and application of new technologies and innovations to improve health outcomes.
Infectious Diseases: The study of infectious disease prevention, intervention, and control, including emerging infectious diseases and bioterrorism preparedness.
Mental Health: The study of the prevention and treatment of mental illness, including mental health promotion, psychiatric disorders, and substance abuse.
Epidemiology: Study of patterns and causes of disease and injury in populations.
Biostatistics: The application of statistical methods to medicine and public health.
Environmental Health: Study of how the environment affects human health.
Behavioral Science/Health Education: Study of human behaviors that impact health.
Health Services Administration: Management of health care systems and organizations.
Maternal and Child Health: Study of the health of mothers and children.
Infectious Disease Control: Study of the prevention and control of infectious diseases.
Occupational Health: Maintenance of a healthy workplace and protection of workers from hazards.
Nutrition: Study of how food and nutrients affect human health.
Global Health: Study of health issues that transcend national boundaries.
- "Analyzing the determinants of health of a population and the threats it faces is the basis for public health."
- "Epidemiology, biostatistics, social sciences and management of health services are all relevant."
- "Other important sub-fields include environmental health, community health, behavioral health, health economics, public policy, mental health, health education, health politics, occupational safety, disability, oral health, gender issues in health, and sexual and reproductive health."
- "Public health, together with primary care, secondary care, and tertiary care, is part of a country's overall healthcare system."
- "Common public health initiatives include promotion of hand-washing and breastfeeding, delivery of vaccinations, promoting ventilation and improved air quality both indoors and outdoors, suicide prevention, smoking cessation, obesity education, increasing healthcare accessibility, and distribution of condoms to control the spread of sexually transmitted diseases."
- "There is a significant disparity in access to health care and public health initiatives between developed countries and developing countries, as well as within developing countries."
- "In developing countries, public health infrastructures are still forming. There may not be enough trained healthcare workers, monetary resources, or, in some cases, sufficient knowledge to provide even a basic level of medical care and disease prevention."
- "A major public health concern in developing countries is poor maternal and child health, exacerbated by malnutrition and poverty coupled with governments' reluctance in implementing public health policies."
- "Great Britain became a leader in the development of public health initiatives, beginning in the 19th century, due to the fact that it was the first modern urban nation worldwide."
- "The public health initiatives that began to emerge initially focused on sanitation (for example, the Liverpool and London sewerage systems), control of infectious diseases (including vaccination and quarantine) and an evolving infrastructure of various sciences, e.g. statistics, microbiology, epidemiology, sciences of engineering."