"Language contact occurs when speakers of two or more languages or varieties interact with and influence each other."
The study of how languages interact with each other and influence each other.
Language contact: The study of the interactions and relationships between languages and their speakers.
Bilingualism and multilingualism: The ability of individuals or communities to speak two or more languages fluently.
Language shift and language maintenance: The process by which a community or individual replaces one language with another or retains the use of a language over time.
Code-switching and code-mixing: The practice of alternating between two or more languages or linguistic codes within a single conversation or interaction.
Language borrowing and loanwords: The incorporation of words, phrases, or structural features from one language into another over time.
Pidgins and creoles: Simplified languages that arise in multilingual contexts, often as a result of contact between speakers of different languages.
Language contact and dialectology: The study of regional and social variation in language use and how language contact affects these patterns.
Language contact and language change: The ways in which contact between languages can lead to the evolution or transformation of language over time.
Language contact and language policy: The ways in which governments or institutions regulate the use of languages in different contexts, often in response to language contact.
Sociolinguistics and language contact: The study of the relationship between language and society, including how language contact affects social interactions and relations.
Bilingualism: Bilingualism occurs when an individual has proficiency in two or more languages. This type of Language Contact can have different degrees of influence on one's language development.
Code-switching: Code-switching refers to the alternation between languages or dialects within a sentence, discourse or conversation. It is a common practice among bilingual and multilingual speakers.
Language Borrowing: Language borrowing occurs when a language adopts words, sounds, or grammatical structures from another language.
Creolization: Creolization is a process in which two or more languages combine to form a new language with a distinct grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. Creole languages are typically born out of contact between a dominant and subordinate language.
Language convergence: Language convergence occurs when two languages interact so much that their grammatical structures, vocabulary, and pronunciation become more similar.
Language Shift: Language Shift occurs when speakers gradually shift away from their first language and adopt another language. Language shift can occur for various reasons such as migration, politics, socialization, etc.
Language Death: Language Death occurs when a language loses its speakers and is no longer used for communication. It can happen due to many reasons such as political suppression, assimilation, migration, etc.
Pidgins: Pidgins are simplified languages that arise as a result of contact between speakers of different languages who need to communicate. Pidgins typically have limited vocabulary and simplified grammatical structures.
Lingua franca: A lingua franca is a language that is used as a means of communication between speakers of different languages. It can be a native language of one of the speakers or a language learned by all of them.
"The study of language contact is called contact linguistics."
"When speakers of different languages interact closely, it is typical for their languages to influence each other."
"Language contact can occur at language borders, between adstratum languages, or as the result of migration, with an intrusive language acting as either a superstratum or a substratum."
"Language contact occurs in a variety of phenomena, including language convergence, borrowing, and relexification."
"The common products include pidgins, creoles, code-switching, and mixed languages."
"In many other cases, contact between speakers occurs but the lasting effects on the language are less visible."
"They may, however, include loan words, calques, or other types of borrowed material."
"Multilingualism has been common throughout much of human history."
"Today, most people in the world are multilingual."
"Methods from sociolinguistics (the study of language use in society), from corpus linguistics, and from formal linguistics are used in the study of language contact."
"Language contact can occur at language borders, between adstratum languages..."
"...or as the result of migration, with an intrusive language acting as either a superstratum or a substratum."
"Language contact occurs in a variety of phenomena, including language convergence..."
"Language contact occurs in a variety of phenomena, including borrowing..."
"The common products include pidgins, creoles..."
"The common products include...code-switching..."
"The common products include...mixed languages."
"Methods from sociolinguistics, from corpus linguistics, and from formal linguistics are used in the study of language contact."
"...they may include loan words, calques, or other types of borrowed material."