"Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand class relations and social conflict and a dialectical perspective to view social transformation."
A theory of social organization and a political movement that seeks to establish a socialist society based on the principles of economic and social equality, as advocated by the philosopher and economist, Karl Marx.
Historical Materialism: Historical materialism is the core methodology of Marxism. It explains society's development as the result of material conditions and class struggle.
Dialectical Materialism: Dialectical Materialism is a philosophy that explains the relationship between the material world and the ideas that arise from it. It is an analytical framework that helps us understand the changes in society over time.
Class Struggle: Class struggle is central to Marxist thought. It refers to the conflict between the working class and the capitalist class.
Capitalism: Capitalism is an economic system that Marxists regard as exploitative. It involves the private ownership of the means of production, which leads to the exploitation of workers.
Socialism: Socialism is an economic system that is supposed to replace capitalism. It involves democratic control of the means of production and distribution.
Communism: Communism is often used interchangeably with socialism. However, it typically refers to a stateless, classless society where the means of production are owned collectively.
Imperialism: Imperialism is a phenomenon in which powerful countries seek to expand their influence around the world. Marxists view it as a manifestation of capitalism's inherent contradictions.
Alienation: Alienation refers to the sense of estrangement that workers feel from the products of their labor under capitalism. Marxists argue that it leads to a sense of powerlessness and disconnection from others.
Ideology: Ideology is a set of beliefs that help justify the existing social order. Marxists argue that the ruling class uses ideology to maintain its power and control.
Revolution: Revolution refers to the process of overthrowing the existing social order and replacing it with a new one. Marxists believe that it's necessary to create a more just society.
Political Economy: Political economy is the study of the relationship between politics and economics. Marxists use it to analyze the nature of capitalism.
Hegemony: Hegemony refers to the dominant culture or ideology that shapes the perception of reality. Marxists argue that the ruling class uses their control of culture to maintain their power.
Historical Materialist Method: Marxists apply the historical materialist method to understanding social change, human history, class struggle, and the future of society.
Critique of Political Economy: Here Marxists analyze the capitalist economic system and critique the various theories and practices associated with it.
Theory of Surplus Value: Marx argues that the value of products come from the surplus value created from workers' labor.
Historical Materialist Analysis of Law: Marxists view law as an instrument of oppression or liberation and how it is an extension of the interests, goals, and priorities of the ruling class.
The Base and Superstructure Model: This model describes the relationship between the economic base and the social, cultural, and political superstructure. The base determines the social, cultural, and political systems, and these are often determined by economic factors.
Marxist Feminism: Marxist Feminism focuses on the relationship between capitalism, patriarchy, and gender oppression.
Analyzing the State: Marxists view the state as an instrument of the capitalist class used to maintain control and protect their interests.
Marxist Cultural Criticism: This analysis focuses on how cultural texts and practices resonate with the social conditions and struggles of the time.
Classical Marxism: This is the original type of Marxism developed by Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, and other early Marxists. It was a revolutionary and materialist philosophy that asserted the need for the working class to overthrow the bourgeoisie and create a socialist society.
Marxism-Leninism: This is the form of Marxism developed by Vladimir Lenin, which sought to combine Marxist theory with the practical experience of the Russian Revolution. It emphasized the need for a vanguard party to lead the working class in a socialist revolution.
Trotskyism: Named after Leon Trotsky, this form of Marxism rejected Stalinism and stressed the need for a worldwide socialist revolution. It also stressed the importance of worker democracy and the right to dissent within the socialist movement.
Maoism: This is the form of Marxism developed by Mao Zedong, which adapted Marxist theory to the specific conditions of China. It emphasized the importance of the rural peasantry and the need for a protracted people’s war to overthrow the bourgeoisie.
Analytical Marxism: This is a more recent form of Marxism that emphasizes rigorous theoretical analysis and the use of empirical evidence. It seeks to reconcile Marxist theory with modern social science and to provide a scientific basis for socialism.
Autonomism: This is a form of Marxism that emphasizes the self-organization and autonomy of the working class. It stresses the importance of struggles outside of traditional unions and parties and emphasizes the need for working-class solidarity across borders.
Post-Marxism: This is a form of Marxism that seeks to update Marxist theory for the contemporary world. It questions the central role of class struggle in Marxist theory and emphasizes the importance of other forms of oppression, such as race and gender.
Eco-Marxism: This is a form of Marxism that stresses the importance of ecological issues and the need for socialism to be sustainable. It argues that capitalism is inherently destructive to the environment and that socialism must address ecological issues to succeed.
"It originates from the works of 19th-century German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels."
"No single, definitive Marxist theory exists as Marxism has developed over time into various branches and schools of thought."
"Marxism has had a profound impact in shaping the modern world, with various left-wing and far-left political movements taking inspiration from it in varying local contexts."
"Alongside Marx's critique of political economy, the defining characteristics of Marxism have often been described using the terms dialectical materialism and historical materialism."
"These terms were coined after Marx's death and their tenets have been challenged by some self-described Marxists."
"Marxism as a school of thought has had a profound impact on society and global academia, having influenced many fields, including anthropology, archaeology, art theory, criminology, cultural studies, economics, education, ethics, film theory, geography, historiography, literary criticism, media studies, philosophy, political science, political economy, psychology, science studies, sociology, urban planning, and theatre."
"Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis..."
"...that uses a materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand class relations and social conflict..."
"...and a dialectical perspective to view social transformation."
"It originates from the works of 19th-century German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels."
"Marxism has developed over time into various branches and schools of thought."
"Various left-wing and far-left political movements have taken inspiration from Marxism in varying local contexts."
"The defining characteristics of Marxism have often been described using the terms dialectical materialism and historical materialism."
"These terms were coined after Marx's death."
"Their tenets have been challenged by some self-described Marxists."
"Marxism has influenced many fields, including anthropology, archaeology, art theory, criminology, cultural studies, economics, education, ethics, film theory, geography, historiography, literary criticism, media studies, philosophy, political science, political economy, psychology, science studies, sociology, urban planning, and theatre."
"Marxism has influenced fields, including economics..."
"Marxism has influenced fields, including cultural studies..."
"Marxism has influenced fields, including political science..." Please note that the quotes provided are taken directly from the paragraph provided.