"The Holocaust was the genocide of European Jews during World War II."
The study of the genocide of Jewish people and other marginalized groups in Nazi-occupied Europe during the war.
Nazi Germany: Understanding the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany and its ideology.
Anti-Semitism: The history of anti-Jewish sentiment and persecution throughout history.
Jewish Life in Europe pre-1933: The political, social, and economic status of Jews in Europe before the outbreak of World War II.
Concentration Camps: The establishment and operation of concentration camps in Europe.
Extermination Camps: The operation and function of extermination camps, including Auschwitz-Birkenau, Treblinka, and Sobibor.
Ghettos: The confinement and treatment of Jewish communities in ghettos, including the Warsaw Ghetto.
The Final Solution: The plan implemented by the Nazi regime to systematically exterminate Jews and other groups deemed undesirable.
Resistance Movements: The efforts of individuals and groups to resist Nazi occupation and persecution.
Holocaust Survivors: The experiences of those who survived the Holocaust and the challenges they faced after the war.
Perpetrators and Collaborators: The individuals and groups who were directly involved in carrying out the Holocaust.
Holocaust Denial: The phenomenon of denying the occurrence and scale of the Holocaust.
Genocide Studies: Broader comparisons and contrasts with other genocides in other regions of the world.
Historical studies: These studies examine the historical context of the Holocaust, including the events leading up to it, the key players involved, and the aftermath.
Genocide studies: These studies focus specifically on the concept of genocide, exploring how it relates to the Holocaust and other instances of mass extermination throughout history.
Psychological studies: These studies examine the psychological impacts of the Holocaust both on its survivors and on future generations.
Sociological studies: These studies explore the social, cultural, and political factors that contributed to the Holocaust, including anti-Semitic ideologies, propaganda, and discrimination.
Anthropological studies: These studies examine the cultural and social aspects of the Holocaust, including the diverse experiences of different groups such as Jews, Roma, homosexuals, and disabled individuals.
Literary studies: These studies analyze the literature and survivor narratives of the Holocaust, exploring how such texts communicate the experiences and trauma of victims and survivors.
Philosophical studies: These studies examine the ethical and moral implications of the Holocaust, exploring questions of responsibility, guilt, and forgiveness.
Legal studies: These studies explore the legal implications of the Holocaust, including war crimes trials, restitution for victims, and international law related to genocide.
Artistic studies: These studies examine the artistic responses to the Holocaust, including visual arts, film, music, and other forms of creative expression.
Memory studies: These studies explore how the Holocaust has been remembered and memorialized, both in public commemoration and individual memory.
"Some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe."
"The murders were carried out primarily through mass shootings and poison gas in extermination camps."
"Extermination camps, chiefly Auschwitz-Birkenau, Treblinka, Belzec, Sobibor, and Chełmno in occupied Poland."
"The Nazis developed their ideology based on racism and pursuit of 'living space.'"
"The regime passed anti-Jewish laws and orchestrated a nationwide pogrom in November 1938."
"Occupation authorities began to establish ghettos to segregate Jews."
"Around 1.5 to 2 million Jews were shot."
"Later in 1941 or early 1942, the highest levels of the German government decided to murder all Jews throughout Europe."
"Most were killed with poison gas."
"Many died from starvation, abuse, or exhaustion or used as test subjects in deadly medical experiments."
"Factors such as the lack of money to pay helpers and the risk of denunciation."
"The property, homes, and jobs belonging to murdered Jews were redistributed to the German occupiers and other non-Jews."
"The majority of Holocaust victims died in 1942."
"The killing continued at a lower rate until the end of the war in May 1945."
"Not all victims were Jews, with millions killed for ethnic and ideological associations."
"Many Jewish survivors emigrated outside of Europe."
"A few Holocaust perpetrators faced criminal trials."
"Billions of dollars in reparations have been paid."
"The Holocaust has become central to Western historical consciousness as a symbol of the ultimate human evil."