The discovery that the Earth and other planets revolve around the sun, rather than the other way around.
Geocentrism: The belief that the Earth is the center of the universe, and all celestial bodies orbited around it.
Heliocentrism: The theory that the Sun is the center of the universe, and all celestial bodies orbit around it.
Ptolemy's model: An ancient Greek astronomer who developed the geocentric model of the universe, which was widely accepted for centuries.
Copernican model: The heliocentric model of the universe, developed by Nicolaus Copernicus in the 16th century.
Tycho Brahe: A Danish astronomer who made significant observations of the planets and stars, eventually leading to the development of the Copernican model.
Johannes Kepler: A German astronomer who mathematically proved the Copernican model, by discovering the laws of planetary motion.
Galileo Galilei: An Italian astronomer who made many discoveries, including the moons of Jupiter and the phases of Venus, that supported the Copernican model.
Isaac Newton: An English mathematician and physicist, who developed the laws of motion and gravitation, which explained the movements of celestial bodies and provided a more accurate understanding of the universe.
Scientific method: The process of using empirical evidence, observation, and experimentation to develop and test scientific theories, which became the foundation of the Scientific Revolution.
Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres: Copernicus's seminal book, which introduced the heliocentric model of the universe and challenged the widely-accepted Aristotelian celestial physics.
Astronomical Revolution: The Copernican Revolution in astronomy involved the shift from the geocentric model to the heliocentric model. This was initiated by Nicolaus Copernicus in the 16th century.
Biological Revolution: The biological revolution centered on the advancements made in the study of living organisms. This was led by scientists such as Charles Darwin, who came up with the theory of evolution through natural selection.
Chemical Revolution: The chemical revolution involved the advancements in the study of chemistry. It led to the discovery of elements and the development of periodic classification of elements. The most prominent figure in this revolution was Antoine Lavoisier.
Medical Revolution: The medical revolution refers to the advancements made in the field of medicine. This revolution saw the use of anesthesia and antibiotics in medical practice. It was led by figures such as Edward Jenner and Alexander Fleming.
Mathematical Revolution: The mathematical revolution involved the development of new mathematical methods and tools. This was initiated by mathematicians like Isaac Newton, who invented calculus, and Blaise Pascal, who invented the calculating machine.
Physical Revolution: The physical revolution involved the advancement in the study of physical phenomena. This was led by scientists such as Galileo Galilei, who used the telescope to study celestial objects, and Isaac Newton, who formulated the laws of motion and gravity.
Technological Revolution: The technological revolution referred to the advancements made in technology, which led to the development of new machines and devices. This included the steam engine, the telegraph, and the automobile.
Societal Revolution: The societal revolution referred to the changes in society brought about by the Copernican Revolution. This included the shift from a medieval worldview to a modern one, which valued reason, science, and progress. It also led to the emergence of the scientific method and the idea of experimentation.