"The Age of Enlightenment or the Enlightenment, also known as the Age of Reason, was an intellectual and philosophical movement that occurred in Europe, especially Western Europe, in the 17th and 18th centuries, with global influences and effects."
A cultural and intellectual movement in the 18th century, characterized by reason, science, and individualism.
The Age of Enlightenment: A general overview of the historical period, including its key figures, ideas, and cultural impact.
Rationalism: A philosophical movement that emphasizes reason and logic as the primary sources of knowledge.
Humanism: A cultural and intellectual movement that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively.
Empiricism: A philosophical movement that emphasizes the importance of experience and observation in acquiring knowledge.
Scientific Revolution: The emergence of modern science as a distinct and powerful force in the late Renaissance and early Enlightenment periods.
Social Contract Theory: A theory of politics and society that emphasizes the role of mutual agreement and cooperation in the formation and maintenance of institutions.
Natural Law: A set of moral principles that are believed to be inherent in nature and accessible through reason.
Freedom and Rights: A core idea of the Enlightenment, emphasizing individual liberty and political rights as essential to human flourishing.
Secularism: The separation of church and state, and the idea that human affairs can be understood and managed without reference to religion.
Progress: A belief in the possibility of continual human improvement through science, technology, and social and political reform.
Enlightenment and Religion: An exploration of the complex and often contentious relationship between Enlightenment thought and traditional religious beliefs and institutions.
Enlightenment and Globalization: An examination of the ways in which Enlightenment ideas and values have influenced and been influenced by global trends and developments.
Rational Enlightenment: Also known as the Age of Reason, this was a period of intellectual thinking and logic, reflecting on human autonomy of thought, and idealism.
Political Enlightenment: This is a type of enlightenment that is concerned with the role that politics and government have in shaping society. The ideas of democracy, freedom, and equality were promoted.
Scientific Enlightenment: This enlightenment emphasizes the importance of scientific thinking and promotes the study of natural phenomena in order to understand the world around us.
Religious Enlightenment: A type of enlightenment which promoted the concept of freedom of religion, emphasizing the importance of individual beliefs, spiritualism, and ethical values.
Feminist Enlightenment: This enlightenment highlighted the idea that women should have equal rights and opportunities as men at all levels of society.
Emotional Enlightenment: This enlightenment refers to the importance of emotional intelligence, self-awareness, and mindfulness practices in promoting personal and interpersonal growth.
Cultural/Artistic Enlightenment: This enlightenment emphasizes art and culture as important aspects of society's development, promoting creativity, critical thinking, and self-expression.
Medical Enlightenment: This enlightenment emphasized the importance of medical knowledge and scientific advancement in the improvement of human health and well-being.
"The Enlightenment included a range of ideas centered on the value of human happiness, the pursuit of knowledge obtained by means of reason and the evidence of the senses, and ideals such as natural law, liberty, progress, toleration, fraternity, constitutional government, and separation of church and state."
"A variety of 19th-century movements, including liberalism, socialism, and neoclassicism, trace their intellectual heritage to the Enlightenment."
"The ideas of the Enlightenment undermined the authority of the monarchy and the Catholic Church and paved the way for the political revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries."
"Philosophers and scientists of the period widely circulated their ideas through meetings at scientific academies, Masonic lodges, literary salons, coffeehouses, and in printed books, journals, and pamphlets."
"The Enlightenment was preceded by the Scientific Revolution and the work of Francis Bacon and John Locke, among others."
"European historians traditionally date its beginning with the death of Louis XIV of France in 1715 and its end with the 1789 outbreak of the French Revolution."
"Many historians now date the end of the Enlightenment as the start of the 19th century, with the latest proposed year being the death of Immanuel Kant in 1804."
"The central doctrines of the Enlightenment were individual liberty and religious tolerance, in opposition to an absolute monarchy and the fixed dogmas of the Church."
"The concepts of utility and sociability were also crucial in the dissemination of information that would better society as a whole."
"The Enlightenment was marked by an increasing awareness of the relationship between the mind and the everyday media of the world."
"The Enlightenment was marked by an emphasis on the scientific method and reductionism, along with increased questioning of religious orthodoxy."
"Some date the beginning of the Enlightenment to the publication of René Descartes' Discourse on the Method in 1637, featuring his famous dictum, Cogito, ergo sum ('I think, therefore I am')."
"Others cite the publication of Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica (1687) as the culmination of the Scientific Revolution and the beginning of the Enlightenment."
"An attitude captured by Kant's essay Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment, where the phrase Sapere aude (Dare to know) can be found."
"The ideas of the Enlightenment undermined the authority of the monarchy and the Catholic Church and paved the way for the political revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries."
"Ideals such as natural law, liberty, progress, toleration, fraternity, constitutional government, and separation of church and state."
"The concepts of utility and sociability were also crucial in the dissemination of information that would better society as a whole."
"Philosophers and scientists of the period widely circulated their ideas through meetings at scientific academies, Masonic lodges, literary salons, coffeehouses, and in printed books, journals, and pamphlets."
"A variety of 19th-century movements, including liberalism, socialism, and neoclassicism, trace their intellectual heritage to the Enlightenment."