Colonialism

Imperialism: The policy or practice of extending a nation's authority over other territories.

Mercantilism: An economic system in which a country exports more goods than it imports, resulting in a surplus.

Slavery: The practice of using people as property, usually for forced labor, which was a critical aspect of colonialism.

Plantations: Large agricultural estates usually specializing in cash crops like sugar, tobacco, and cotton, which were prevalent in many colonial economies.

European exploration: The expansion of European explorers to the Americas, Africa, and Asia in search of new markets, resources, and territories.

Scramble for Africa: The competition among European powers to control as much of Africa as possible from the late 19th century until the mid-20th century.

British Raj: The British rule and administration of India from 1858 to 1947.

French colonization: The French colonization of large parts of North America, the Caribbean, Africa, and Southeast Asia, among other regions.

Dutch colonization: The Dutch colonization of Indonesia, South Africa, and other parts of Southeast Asia.

Portuguese colonization: The Portuguese colonization of Brazil, Africa, and parts of Asia, which was significant in the early stages of colonialism.

Spanish colonization: The Spanish colonization of Central America, South America, and the Philippines, which was a crucial part of colonialism.

The Columbian Exchange: The transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe resulting from European exploration.

The Middle Passage: The forced transport of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas.

The Triangle Trade: The economic system during colonial times that involved the trade of goods between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

Colonization and indigenous peoples: The impact of colonialism on existing indigenous populations in the Americas, Africa, and Asia.

Education and Knowledge Production: The impact of knowledge production on the formation of colonialism.

Migration and Diaspora: The movement of people across borders often due to colonialism and its impact on migrant communities.

Resistance and Revolts: The ways colonized peoples resisted and fought against their oppressors.

Settlement colonialism: This is a type of colonialism where settlers from the colonizing country move to the colony and establish permanent settlements. The British colonization of North America and South Africa is a prime example of this type of colonialism.

Exploitation colonialism: This is a type of colonialism where the colonizing country primarily aims to extract resources, wealth, and labor from the colony. The Portuguese colonization of Angola is an example of exploitation colonialism.

Internal colonialism: This is a type of colonialism where the colonizing country dominates and exploits its own colonies within its own borders. The treatment of indigenous peoples in Canada and the United States is an example of internal colonialism.

Neocolonialism: This is a type of colonialism where a country maintains economic and political control over another country despite the decline of direct colonization. The relationship between the United States and some Latin American countries can be described as neocolonialism.

Informal colonialism: This is a type of colonialism where a country exerts its influence and control over another country without direct military and political intervention. The relationship between France and some African countries can be described as informal colonialism.

Protectorate colonialism: This is a type of colonialism where a country establishes its control over another country through treaties or agreements. The British colonization of Egypt is an example of protectorate colonialism.