A diverse range of art forms and styles that emerged in the late 20th century and that often challenged or mocked the conventions and norms of modernism, such as realism, abstraction, and formalism. Postmodern artists often used bricolage, parody, irony, or pastiche to play with or subvert cultural references and icons, and to blur the boundaries between high and low culture, authenticity and simulacrum, or originality and reproduction. Some of the key figures associated with postmodern art are Andy Warhol, Cindy Sherman, Jeff Koons, and Damien Hirst.