Quote: "The Iranian Revolution (Persian: انقلاب ایران, Enqelâb-e Irân [ʔeɴɢeˌlɒːbe ʔiːɾɒːn]), or the Islamic Revolution (انقلاب اسلامی, Enqelâb-e Eslâmī), was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979."
The overthrow of Iran's monarchy and its replacement with an Islamic republic, following a popular uprising in 1979.
Pahlavi Dynasty: Former Iranian monarchy and the ruling family of Iran from 1925 until the Iranian Revolution in 1979.
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi: The last Shah of Iran who ruled the country from 1941 until the Iranian Revolution in 1979.
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini: Iranian cleric and revolutionary leader who played a significant role in the 1979 Islamic Revolution and subsequently became the first Supreme Leader of Iran.
Iranian Revolution: A popular uprising that overthrew the Pahlavi monarchy in 1979 and established an Islamic republic in Iran.
1979 Iranian Hostage Crisis: A diplomatic standoff between the United States and Iran that occurred after a group of Iranian students took over the U.S. embassy in Tehran, holding Americans hostage for 444 days.
Shah's White Revolution: A series of reforms implemented by the Pahlavi monarchy in Iran, aimed at modernizing and westernizing the country.
Bazaari class: Iranian merchants who played a significant role in the 1979 Iranian revolution.
Islamic Republic of Iran: The current form of government in Iran, established after the 1979 Iranian revolution.
Iran-Iraq War: A conflict between Iran and Iraq that lasted from 1980 to 1988, resulting in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people.
Persian Gulf crisis: A series of events that took place in the late 1980s in which the United States engaged in military confrontation with Iran in the Persian Gulf.
Iranian Revolutionary Guard: Iranian military force created after the Iranian Revolution, tasked with protecting the country's Islamic system and fighting against external threats.
Iranian Nuclear Program: The Iranian government's efforts to develop nuclear weapons and nuclear technology, which has led to ongoing international controversy and sanctions.
Women's Rights in Iran: Issues around the role of women in Iranian society and the government's policies towards women, which have been a significant point of debate and activism in Iran and beyond.
Human Rights in Iran: Concerns over the treatment of political dissidents, religious minorities, women, and other marginalized groups in Iran, with ongoing criticism from the international community.
U.S.-Iran Relations: The history of relations between the United States and Iran, including diplomatic relations, economic sanctions, and military intervention.
Islamic Revolution: The Iranian Revolution, also known as the Islamic Revolution, was a series of events that led to the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty and the establishment of an Islamic Republic in Iran in 1979. The revolution was led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and was fueled by widespread discontent with the monarchy and Western influence in Iran. The Islamic revolution transformed Iran's political and social landscape, leading to the establishment of an Islamic theocracy and the adoption of strict Islamic law.
Hostage Crisis: In November 1979, Islamic militants stormed the US embassy in Tehran, taking 52 American hostages. The hostages were held for 444 days and were released only after the signing of the Algiers Accords in January 1981.
Iran-Iraq War: From 1980 to 1988, Iran fought a bloody war with neighboring Iraq. The war resulted in hundreds of thousands of casualties and had a significant impact on Iran's economy and political stability.
Green Revolution: In 2009, Iran experienced protests following the disputed re-election of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. The protesters, who wore green to symbolize their support for opposition candidate Mir Hussein Moussavi, were met with violence from the government.
Women's Rights Movement: Iranian women have been at the forefront of a long-standing movement for women's rights in Iran. Women have played a significant role in challenging the country's strict dress codes, fighting for legal equality, and advocating for social and political reform.
Quote: "The ousting of Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran, formally marked the end of Iran's historical monarchy and the theocratic government of Ruhollah Khomeini, a religious cleric who had headed one of the rebel factions."
Quote: "Relying heavily on American support amidst the Cold War, he remained the Shah of Iran for 26 years after the coup, effectively keeping the country from swaying towards the influence of the Eastern Bloc and the Soviet Union."
Quote: "Beginning in 1963, Pahlavi implemented a number of reforms aimed at modernizing Iranian society, in what is known as the White Revolution."
Quote: "However, as major ideological tensions persisted between Pahlavi and Khomeini, anti-government demonstrations began... Khomeini was exiled from Iran in 1964."
Quote: "In August 1978, the deaths of between 377 and 470 people in the Cinema Rex fire... came to serve as a catalyst for a popular revolutionary movement across all of Iran."
Quote: "On 16 January 1979, Pahlavi left the country and went into exile as the last Iranian monarch..."
Quote: "By 11 February 1979, the monarchy was officially brought down and Khomeini assumed leadership over Iran..."
Quote: "Following the March 1979 Islamic Republic referendum, in which 98% of Iranian voters approved the country's shift to an Islamic republic..."
Quote: "Khomeini emerged as the Supreme Leader of Iran in December 1979."
Quote: "The success of the Iranian Revolution was met with surprise around the world, and was considered by many to be unusual in nature..."
Quote: "...replaced a pro-Western secular and authoritarian monarchy with an anti-Western Islamist theocracy that was based on the concept of Velâyat-e Faqih."
Quote: "The Iranian Revolution sought the spread of Shia Islam across the Middle East through the ideological tenets of Khomeinism..."
Quote: "Iran began to back Shia militancy across the region in an attempt to combat Sunni influence and establish Iranian dominance within the Arab world."
Quote: "The ousting of Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran, formally marked the end of Iran's historical monarchy."
Quote: "The revolution also led to the replacement of the Imperial State of Iran by the present-day Islamic Republic of Iran..."
Quote: "...the monarchical government of Mohammed Reza Pahlavi was superseded by the theocratic government of Ruhollah Khomeini."
Quote: "anti-government demonstrations began in October 1977, eventually developing into a campaign of civil resistance that included elements of secularism and Islamism."
Quote: "Following the March 1979 Islamic Republic referendum, in which 98% of Iranian voters approved the country's shift to an Islamic republic..."
Quote: "...as a means of uprooting the region's status quo, which favoured Sunni Islam."