The study of the ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome, as well as other cultures that influenced them in the Classical period.
History: The study of past events, especially the political, social, and economic development of Ancient Greece and Rome.
Mythology: The study of traditional stories, beliefs and customs of Ancient Greece and Rome, including gods and heroes.
Philosophy: The study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language that emerged in Ancient Greece.
Literature: The study of literary works of Ancient Greece and Rome, including epic, lyric, drama, and satire.
Language: The study of Ancient Greek and Latin languages, their structure, vocabulary, and usage.
Art and Architecture: The study of the visual arts of Ancient Greece and Rome, including sculpture, painting, pottery, and building design.
Science and Technology: The study of scientific and technological achievements of Ancient Greece and Rome, including mathematics, physics, medicine, and engineering.
Warfare: The study of Ancient Greek and Roman military strategies, tactics, equipment, and accomplishments in battle.
Government and Law: The study of Ancient Greek and Roman political systems, law codes, and governance structures.
Religion: The study of the religious practices, beliefs, and institutions of Ancient Greece and Rome, including temples, rituals, and cults.
Economics and Trade: The study of the commercial activities, trade routes, and economic development of Ancient Greece and Rome.
Society and Culture: The study of Ancient Greek and Roman social norms, customs, beliefs, and values, including education, gender roles, and leisure activities.
Ancient Greece: A civilization that flourished between the 8th and 4th centuries BCE in present-day Greece and the surrounding areas. The ancient Greeks are known for their contributions to philosophy, literature, art, politics, and sciences.
Ancient Rome: A civilization that emerged as a republic in 509 BCE and later became an empire that dominated Western Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. The Romans developed laws, engineering, architecture, military tactics, and culture that continues to influence the modern world.
Ancient China: A civilization that developed between 1600 BCE and 221 BCE, known for its rich cultural heritage that includes philosophy, literature, art, religion, and science. The Chinese invented gunpowder, paper, the compass, and printing technology.
Ancient India: A civilization that emerged around 2600 BCE and flourished between the 6th century BCE and 15th century CE, known for its cultural diversity, philosophy, art, religion, and science. Ancient India gave birth to religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism and contributed to fields such as mathematics, astronomy, and medicine.
Ancient Egypt: A civilization that emerged around 3100 BCE and lasted until the Hellenistic period in 30 BCE. The ancient Egyptians are known for their complex religion, architecture, art, engineering, and writing systems.
Persian Empire: A civilization that emerged in present-day Iran around 550 BCE and lasted until it was conquered by Alexander the Great in 330 BCE. The Persians were known for their political organization, architecture, literature, and religion.
Maya Civilization: A civilization that flourished in Central America between 2000 BCE and 1500 CE, known for its advanced mathematical and astronomical systems, hieroglyphic writing, and architecture.
Aztec Civilization: A civilization that emerged in present-day Mexico in the 14th century CE and lasted until the Spanish conquest in 1521 CE. The Aztecs were known for their political organization, art, and religious practices that included human sacrifices.
Inca Civilization: A civilization that emerged in present-day Peru in the 13th century CE and lasted until the Spanish conquest in the 16th century CE. The Incas were known for their advanced agricultural and engineering systems, architecture, and religion.