The structure of society and the economy of ancient civilizations including social classes and jobs.
Agriculture: The practice and techniques of cultivating land and raising livestock for food production, which played a major role in the development of ancient civilizations.
Trade and Commerce: The buying and selling of goods and services, including modes of transportation, markets, currency, and commercial laws.
Social Hierarchies: The social rankings and divisions of labor that determined status and access to resources, including royalty, nobility, commoners, and slaves.
Religion and Ritual: The beliefs, practices, and customs surrounding deities and supernatural forces, including religious leaders, temples, and sacrifices.
Art and Architecture: The creation and design of physical structures and artistic expressions, reflecting cultural values, beliefs, and identity.
Government and Law: The systems of ruling and governing society, including monarchy, democracy, and legal codes.
Military and Warfare: The use of military force to expand, defend, or dominate territories, including weapons, tactics, and strategies.
Science and Technology: The knowledge and inventions that influenced social and economic structures, including agriculture, medicine, and engineering.
Family and Kinship: The relationships and obligations among family members and kin groups, including inheritance, marriage, and gender roles.
Environment and Geography: The natural and physical factors that impacted social and economic development, including climate, terrain, and resource availability.
Hunter-gatherer: A society that relies on hunting, fishing, and foraging for sustenance with little or no social hierarchy.
Agrarian: A society that relies primarily on agriculture or farming for sustenance, with a central authority and social stratification.
Nomadic: A society that travels with their livestock seeking grasslands for grazing, often organized into tribes or clans.
Pastoral: A society that relies primarily on domesticated animals for sustenance, often nomadic or semi-nomadic and organized into tribes or clans.
Tribal: A society organized into clans or tribes with a chief or council of elders as a central authority.
Feudal: A social and economic system of medieval Europe in which lords granted land to vassals in exchange for loyalty, military service, and a share of the produce.
City-state: A sovereign state consisting of a city and its surrounding territory with its own government and economy.
Empire: A large political entity, comprising multiple kingdoms or states, under a single ruler or dynasty with a centralized economy.
Slave-based: A society in which slavery was a common practice and the economy relied on the forced labor of slaves.
Caste-based: A social structure in which individuals are born into a rigid hierarchy of social classes based on their socio-economic status, occupation, or birth.