Timeline of major events, periods, and cultural developments in ancient civilizations.
Carbon-dating: The process of determining the age of organic material by measuring the amount of carbon-14 present in it.
Radiocarbon chronology: The study of the decay of radioactive carbon in material to determine its age.
Archaeological dating techniques: Methods used to date the remains of ancient civilizations, including stratigraphy, dendrochronology, and thermoluminescence.
Dynasty: A family of rulers who share a common ancestry and rule for a period of time.
Timeline: A visual representation of the sequence of events in history.
Era: A period of time marked by significant changes or events in history, such as the Bronze Age or the Renaissance.
Ancient civilizations: The study of the earliest human societies and cultures, including those in Egypt, Greece, Rome, and Mesopotamia.
Regional chronologies: The study of the chronological development of cultures over a particular geographical region, such as the Indus Valley Civilization or the Mediterranean World.
Cultural evolution: The process by which societies and cultures change and develop over time.
Periodization: The division of time into periods to help better understand the development and evolution of cultures and civilizations.
Historical and cultural landmarks: Significant historical or cultural events, such as wars or the creation of new technologies, that mark a turning point in a civilization's development.
Prehistoric societies: The study of early human societies that existed before the invention of writing, including the Stone Age and the Bronze Age.
Paleolithic and Neolithic eras: The earliest periods in human history marked by the use of stone tools and the development of agriculture and domestication of animals.
Hammurabi's Code: The oldest known written legal code, which regulated daily life in ancient Babylon.
Ancient Egyptian religion: The beliefs and practices of the ancient Egyptian civilization and its gods.
The rise of civilizations: The social, economic, and military factors that led to the establishment and development of ancient civilizations, such as the Sumerians, Greeks, and Romans.
The fall of ancient civilizations: The factors that led to the decline and eventual collapse of ancient civilizations, such as political instability, social unrest, and environmental factors.
The impact of ancient civilizations on modern society: The legacy of ancient civilizations on modern culture, including architecture, literature, philosophy, science, and technology.
Mythology and folklore: The stories and legends of ancient cultures that offer insights into their beliefs, values, and worldviews.
Historical and archaeological evidence: The evidence used to support various hypotheses about the development and evolution of ancient civilizations.
Geologic time scale: A chronology that divides the history of Earth into significant geological events.
Prehistoric chronology: A periodization that refers to the time before written records were kept, typically before 3000 BCE.
Archaeological chronology: A periodization that is established through the study of artifacts and other physical evidence, typically used for prehistoric and early historic periods.
Biblical chronology: A periodization that is established through the interpretation of the Bible, typically used for the early civilizations of the Near East.
Traditional chronology: A periodization that is established through the record keeping of ancient societies, but is sometimes controversial due to inconsistencies and inaccuracies.
Empirical chronology: A periodization that is established through the use of scientific methods, typically used for dating techniques such as radiocarbon dating.
Dynastic chronology: A periodization that is established through the reigns of individual rulers or families, typically used for the ancient civilizations of China and Egypt.
Political chronology: A periodization that divides history according to significant political events or transitions, such as the establishment of empires or the fall of a civilization.
Cultural chronology: A periodization that divides history according to changes in cultural practices, such as the development of writing or the introduction of new religions.
Technological chronology: A periodization that divides history according to significant technological advances or innovations, such as the development of metallurgy or the invention of the wheel.