- "Romanticism (also known as the Romantic movement or Romantic era) is an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century."
The philosophical ideas that influenced romanticism, such as the emphasis on individualism, emotion, imagination, and the sublime, as well as the rejection of Enlightenment ideals such as reason and order.
Romanticism: An artistic and cultural movement that emphasized emotion, imagination, and individualism.
Idealism: A philosophical position that maintains the existence of abstract entities such as ideas or concepts.
Existentialism: A philosophical movement that focuses on individual freedom and choice, and the meaning and purpose of one's existence.
Kantianism: A philosophical theory centered around the ideas of Immanuel Kant, which emphasizes reason, freedom, and the importance of human dignity.
Transcendentalism: A philosophical and literary movement that emphasized the importance of intuition, nature, and the individual's relationship with the divine.
German Idealism: A philosophical movement that originated in Germany in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, which emphasized the importance of reason, freedom, and individual self-determination.
Hegelianism: A philosophical theory centered around the ideas of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, which emphasizes the importance of history, culture, and the evolution of ideas.
Humanism: A philosophical position that places importance on human values, the potential for self-fulfillment, and human dignity.
Aesthetics: The study of beauty and the arts, and their relationship to human experience and perception.
Epistemology: The study of knowledge, belief, and truth, and the methods by which we acquire knowledge.
Ethics: The study of moral principles and values, and the ethics of human behavior.
Phenomenology: A philosophical approach that focuses on the study of conscious experience and perception, and the relationship between subject and object.
Ontology: The study of being, existence, and reality.
Pragmatism: A philosophical position that emphasizes the practical consequences of beliefs and actions, and the importance of testing beliefs in real-world situations.
German Idealism: A philosophical movement in Germany that originated in the late 18th century and lasted until the mid-19th century. It was centered around the idea that reality is ultimately structured by the human mind, and that reason and knowledge are more important than sensory experience.
Transcendentalism: A philosophical movement that emerged in the United States in the early 19th century. It emphasized the importance of intuition, individualism, and the relationship between humanity and nature.
Romanticism: A cultural and philosophical movement that began in Europe in the late 18th century and lasted until the mid-19th century. It emphasized individualism, imagination, and emotion, and rejected the rationalism of the Enlightenment.
Existentialism: A philosophical movement that emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries. It focused on individual freedom, choice, and responsibility, and emphasized the importance of subjective experience and the search for meaning in life.
Phenomenology: A philosophical movement that originated in the early 20th century. It focused on the study of conscious experience and the structures of perception, and rejected the idea that knowledge can be gained through scientific observation alone.
Pragmatism: A philosophical movement that emerged in the United States in the late 19th century. It emphasized practical consequences and the importance of experience, and rejected the idea that knowledge can be gained through fixed, predetermined principles.
Idealism: A philosophical position that emphasizes the importance of ideas, values, and consciousness over material objects and physical reality.
Naturalism: A philosophical position that emphasizes the importance of natural laws and scientific observation in understanding the world, and rejects the idea that supernatural explanations are necessary.
Empiricism: A philosophical position that emphasizes the importance of sensory experience and scientific observation in understanding the world, and rejects the idea that knowledge can be gained through pure reason alone.
Realism: A philosophical position that emphasizes the importance of the objective world and external reality, and rejects the idea that our perceptions or beliefs create reality.
- "Romanticism was characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of the past and nature, preferring the medieval to the classical."
- "Romanticism was partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, and the prevailing ideology of the Age of Enlightenment, especially the scientific rationalization of Nature."
- "It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature; it also had a major impact on historiography, education, chess, social sciences, and the natural sciences."
- "Romantic thinking influenced conservatism, liberalism, radicalism, and nationalism."
- "The movement emphasized intense emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience."
- "It granted a new importance to experiences of sympathy, awe, wonder, and terror."
- "Romantics stressed the nobility of folk art and ancient cultural practices, but also championed radical politics, unconventional behavior, and authentic spontaneity."
- "In contrast to the rationalism and classicism of the Enlightenment, Romanticism revived medievalism and juxtaposed a pastoral conception of a more 'authentic' European past with a highly critical view of recent social changes, including urbanization, brought about by the Industrial Revolution."
- "Many Romantic ideals were first articulated by German thinkers in the Sturm und Drang movement, which elevated intuition and emotion above Enlightenment rationalism."
- "The events and ideologies of the French Revolution were also direct influences on the movement; many early Romantics throughout Europe sympathized with the ideals and achievements of French revolutionaries."
- "Romanticism lionized the achievements of 'heroic' individuals – especially artists, who began to be represented as cultural leaders."
- "Romanticism also prioritized the artist's unique, individual imagination above the strictures of classical form."
- "In the second half of the 19th century, Realism emerged as a response to Romanticism, and was in some ways a reaction against it."
- "Romanticism suffered an overall decline during this period, as it was overshadowed by new cultural, social, and political movements, many of them hostile to the perceived illusions and preoccupations of the Romantics."
- "However, it has had a lasting impact on Western civilization."
- "Many 'Romantic', 'neo-Romantic', and 'post-Romantic' artists and thinkers created their most enduring works after the end of the Romantic Era as such."