- "Romanticism (also known as the Romantic movement or Romantic era) is an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century."
The importance of nature and the natural world in romanticism, as a source of inspiration, beauty, and spiritual renewal, as well as a refuge from the industrialization and urbanization of modern life.
Romanticism: An artistic and literary movement that emphasized emotion, imagination, and individualism.
Transcendentalism: A philosophical and literary movement that emphasized the importance of individual intuition and the transcendence of the material world.
Naturalism: A literary movement that portrayed the world in a realistic and unidealized manner, often focusing on the struggles of ordinary people.
Environmentalism: A philosophical and political movement that advocates for the preservation and protection of the natural world.
Conservationism: A political and social movement that advocates for the wise use and preservation of natural resources.
Biophilia: The innate human attraction to and affinity for nature.
Ecocriticism: The study of literary and cultural representation of the relationship between humans and the natural world.
Romantic landscapes: The portrayal of natural landscapes as sublime, awe-inspiring, and emblematic of the power and beauty of nature.
Anthropocene: The current geological epoch characterized by the impact of human activities on the environment.
Natural history: The study of the natural world and its history, including the diversity of life forms and the processes that shape the earth.
Sublime Nature: Refers to the immensity and power of nature that evokes awe and terror in the observer.
Picturesque Nature: Depicts nature in a way that is aesthetically pleasing and seemingly arranged by human hands.
Edenic Nature: Depicts nature as a paradise-like environment, typically being an untouched natural setting.
Moral Nature: Depicts nature as a teacher of morality and spiritual purity.
Pantheistic Nature: Depicts nature as an all-encompassing deity, where all things, including humans, are interconnected.
Pathetic Fallacy: Depicts nature as having human emotions or feelings, typically reflecting the human condition.
Romantic Nationalism: Depicts nature as a national symbol and serves as a source of national unity and pride.
Romantic Ironism: Depicts nature ironically or mockingly, as a means to subvert traditional expectations and romantic clichés.
Nature of Childhood: Depicts nature as playful and innocent, and serves as a symbol of the lost innocence of childhood.
The Divine in Nature: Depicts nature as a manifestation of the divine, and serves as a means for religious experiences and spiritual revelations.
- "Romanticism was characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of the past and nature, preferring the medieval to the classical."
- "Romanticism was partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, and the prevailing ideology of the Age of Enlightenment, especially the scientific rationalization of Nature."
- "It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature; it also had a major impact on historiography, education, chess, social sciences, and the natural sciences."
- "Romantic thinking influenced conservatism, liberalism, radicalism, and nationalism."
- "The movement emphasized intense emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience."
- "It granted a new importance to experiences of sympathy, awe, wonder, and terror."
- "Romantics stressed the nobility of folk art and ancient cultural practices, but also championed radical politics, unconventional behavior, and authentic spontaneity."
- "In contrast to the rationalism and classicism of the Enlightenment, Romanticism revived medievalism and juxtaposed a pastoral conception of a more 'authentic' European past with a highly critical view of recent social changes, including urbanization, brought about by the Industrial Revolution."
- "Many Romantic ideals were first articulated by German thinkers in the Sturm und Drang movement, which elevated intuition and emotion above Enlightenment rationalism."
- "The events and ideologies of the French Revolution were also direct influences on the movement; many early Romantics throughout Europe sympathized with the ideals and achievements of French revolutionaries."
- "Romanticism lionized the achievements of 'heroic' individuals – especially artists, who began to be represented as cultural leaders."
- "Romanticism also prioritized the artist's unique, individual imagination above the strictures of classical form."
- "In the second half of the 19th century, Realism emerged as a response to Romanticism, and was in some ways a reaction against it."
- "Romanticism suffered an overall decline during this period, as it was overshadowed by new cultural, social, and political movements, many of them hostile to the perceived illusions and preoccupations of the Romantics."
- "However, it has had a lasting impact on Western civilization."
- "Many 'Romantic', 'neo-Romantic', and 'post-Romantic' artists and thinkers created their most enduring works after the end of the Romantic Era as such."