"Colonialism is a practice by which a country controls people or areas, often by establishing colonies, generally for strategic and economic advancement."
Colonialism is the practice of dominating another country by taking control of its economy, government, and culture through settlement and exploitation.
European Exploration: The First Wave.
The Columbian Exchange: The Columbian Exchange refers to the transfer of goods, people, and ideas between the Americas, Europe, and Africa following Christopher Columbus's voyages, profoundly impacting the culture, economy, and ecology of the regions involved.
Mercantilism: Mercantilism was an economic doctrine and policy in which nations aimed to accumulate wealth and power through exploiting colonies and controlling international trade.
Slave Trade: The Slave Trade refers to the historical practice of forcibly capturing, transporting, and selling Africans to be enslaved primarily in European colonies in the Americas from the 16th to the 19th centuries.
European Colonial Empires: European Colonial Empires refers to the expansionist ventures of European nations from the 15th to 20th centuries, involving the establishment and domination of colonies in various parts of the world.
The Scramble for Africa: The Scramble for Africa refers to the intense competition and colonization by European powers during the late 19th and early 20th centuries to gain control over various regions and resources on the African continent.
British India: British India refers to the period of British colonial rule in the Indian subcontinent from 1858 to 1947.
Imperialism in Asia: Imperialism in Asia refers to the expansion of Western powers into Asian territories through economic, political, and military means during the 19th and early 20th centuries, resulting in European control and influence over Asian states and resources.
Culture Clash and Resistance: Culture Clash and Resistance in the context of History by Chronology and Colonialism refers to the conflicts and responses that arose when different cultures collided during the era of colonial expansion and domination.
The Legacy of Colonialism: The Legacy of Colonialism refers to the long-lasting impact and consequences of European colonial rule on the societies, economies, and cultures of colonized regions around the world.
Settlement Colonies: This type of colonialism involves the settling of colonizers in a new territory, often with the intention of permanently displacing the native populations.
Trading Post Colonies: This type was characterized by erecting a trading post in a new territory. It was usually associated with the fur, ivory, gold, and slave trades.
Plantation Colonies: This form of colonialism involved the establishment of large agricultural estates worked by indentured servants, slaves, or sharecroppers. The estate typically produced a single economic crop that was destined for export.
Sphere of Influence Colonies: This type of colonialism involves a state exercising special commercial and diplomatic privileges over an area outside its territorial boundaries.
Protectorate Colonies: A protected state is a state that depends on another for its survival. Under protectorate colonialism, a powerful state assumes the responsibility for protecting a weaker state in exchange for policing its foreign policy and maintaining protection to its economic and strategic interests.
Economic Imperialism: This type involves nations maintaining control over lesser-developed nations' economies.
Informal Imperialism: In this type, the colonial powers did not directly control the government, but rather increased their economic and social control largely through investment and trade.
Religious and Cultural Imperialism: The imposition of a dominant religion and culture on a conquered people is an essential feature of this type of colonialism.
Colonialism of Settlements: This type of colonialism involves the establishment of colonies or small settlements in foreign territories.
Direct Rule Colonialism: Direct rule colonialism involves a constitutional authority directly governing a colony or group of colonies by sending a Governor as the head of the territorial administration.
"Colonialism is etymologically rooted in the Latin word 'Colonus', which was used to describe tenant farmers in the Roman Empire."
"Colonialism has existed since ancient times."
"The concept is most strongly associated with the European and Japanese empires."
"Starting in the 15th century and extending to the mid-1900s."
"At first, conquest followed policies of mercantilism, aiming to strengthen the home-country economy."
"Agreements usually restricted the colony to trading only with the metropole (mother country)."
"By the mid-19th century."
"Missionaries were active in practically all of the European-controlled colonies because the metropoles were Christian."
"Historian Philip Hoffman calculated that by 1800, before the Industrial Revolution, Europeans already controlled at least 35% of the globe."
"By 1914, they had gained control of 84% of the globe."
"Colonial powers retreated between 1945 and 1975; over which time nearly all colonies gained independence, entering into changed colonial, so-called postcolonial and neocolonialist relations."
"The coloni sharecroppers started as tenants of landlords, but the system evolved so they were permanently indebted to the landowner and were trapped in servitude."
"The system evolved so they were permanently indebted to the landowner and were trapped in servitude."
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