- Quote: "It tends to promote the interests of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty over its perceived homeland to create a nation-state."
The study of how the idea of nationalism developed and influenced world events and politics during the 19th and 20th centuries.
The Origins and Evolution of Nationalism: Understanding the historical development of nationalism as a political and social movement, including its various forms such as cultural, ethnic, and civic nationalism.
Nationalism in the Age of Empires: Examining the relationship between nationalism and imperialism, as well as the role of nationalism in the collapse of empires and the emergence of new nation-states.
Nationalism and the State: Understanding the role of nationalism in the formation and consolidation of modern nation-states, including the various challenges faced by states seeking to unify diverse national or ethnic groups.
Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict: Examining the relationship between nationalism, ethnicity, and conflict, including case studies such as the Balkans, Africa, and the Middle East.
Nationalism, Identity, and Culture: Understanding the role of nationalism in shaping cultural identity, including issues related to language, religion, and customs.
Nationalism and International Relations: Examining the ways in which nationalism shapes international politics, including issues related to sovereignty, territorial disputes, and global governance.
Nationalism and Migration: Understanding the impact of nationalism on immigration and immigrant integration policies, as well as the role of diaspora communities in shaping national identities and politics.
Nationalism and Social Movements: Examining the role of nationalism in shaping social movements and political activism, including issues related to race, gender, and class.
Nationalism and Globalization: Understanding the ways in which nationalism intersects with processes of economic and cultural globalization, including issues related to cultural diversity, transnationalism, and cosmopolitanism.
Nationalism and Memory: Examining the ways in which nationalism shapes historical memory and the construction of national identity, including issues related to commemoration, memorialization, and historical revisionism.
Ethnic Nationalism: This type of nationalism is based on the ethnicity or race of a group of people who share a common language, culture, or historical heritage. It can manifest itself as a desire for political autonomy, cultural preservation, or secession.
Civic Nationalism: This type of nationalism is based on a shared sense of citizenship, regardless of race, ethnicity, or cultural background. It emphasizes shared values, principles, and institutions that unite people within a nation-state.
Religious Nationalism: This type of nationalism is based on a shared faith or religious tradition. It often involves the belief that the nation-state and its people have a divine mission, leading to policies and actions aimed at protecting or promoting its religious identity.
Liberal Nationalism: This type of nationalism is based on the principles of individualism, freedom, and equality. It emphasizes the role of democratic institutions and constitutionalism in promoting national solidarity and civic pride.
Revolutionary Nationalism: This type of nationalism is a radical political ideology that seeks to transform the existing social and political order by overthrowing the ruling elite and establishing a new social and economic system based on nationalist principles.
Pan-Nationalism: This type of nationalism is based on the idea of creating a supranational identity that transcends national boundaries, often based on a shared language, culture, or history. It can lead to the creation of international organizations or alliances aimed at achieving common goals.
Anti-Colonial Nationalism: This type of nationalism emerged as a response to European colonization during the late 19th and early 20th century. It often involved the struggle for independence, self-determination, and the rejection of imperial domination.
Territorial Nationalism: This type of nationalism is based on the idea that people living within a specific geographical area share a common identity and should have the right to govern themselves. It often involves territorial disputes or irredentist claims to land belonging to neighboring countries.
- Quote: "It holds that each nation should govern itself, free from outside interference (self-determination), that a nation is a natural and ideal basis for a polity, and that the nation is the only rightful source of political power."
- Quote: "It further aims to build and maintain a single national identity, based on a combination of shared social characteristics such as culture, ethnicity, geographic location, language, politics, religion, traditions, and belief in a shared singular history."
- Quote: "Nationalism, therefore, seeks to preserve and foster a nation's traditional culture."
- Quote: "The two main divergent forms identified by scholars are ethnic nationalism and civic nationalism."
- Quote: "Beginning in the late 18th century, particularly with the French Revolution and the spread of the principle of popular sovereignty or self-determination, the idea that 'the people' should rule is developed by political theorists."
- Quote: "This view has since been rejected by most scholars, and nations are now viewed as socially constructed and historically contingent."
- Quote: "Modernization theory... adopts a constructivist approach and proposes that nationalism emerged due to processes of modernization, such as industrialization, urbanization, and mass education, which made national consciousness possible."
- Quote: "Proponents of this theory describe nations as 'imagined communities' and nationalism as an 'invented tradition' in which shared sentiment provides a form of collective identity and binds individuals together in political solidarity."
- Quote: "A third theory, ethnosymbolism explains nationalism as a product of symbols, myths, and traditions, and is associated with the work of Anthony D. Smith."
- Quote: "The moral value of nationalism, the relationship between nationalism and patriotism, and the compatibility of nationalism and cosmopolitanism are all subjects of philosophical debate."
- Quote: "Nationalism can be combined with diverse political goals and ideologies such as conservatism (national conservatism and right-wing populism) or socialism (left-wing nationalism)."
- Quote: "In practice, nationalism is seen as positive or negative depending on its ideology and outcomes."
- Quote: "Nationalism has been a feature of movements for freedom and justice, has been associated with cultural revivals, and encourages pride in national achievements."
- Quote: "It has also been used to legitimize racial, ethnic, and religious divisions, suppress or attack minorities, and undermine human rights and democratic traditions."
- Quote: "It tends to promote the interests of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty over its perceived homeland to create a nation-state."
- Quote: "It further aims to build and maintain a single national identity, based on a combination of shared social characteristics such as culture, ethnicity, geographic location, language, politics (or the government), religion, traditions and belief in a shared singular history."
- Quote: "It holds that each nation should govern itself, free from outside interference (self-determination), that a nation is a natural and ideal basis for a polity, and that the nation is the only rightful source of political power."
- Quote: "Three main theories have been used to explain the emergence of nationalism: Primordialism (perennialism), Modernization theory, and Ethnosymbolism."
- Quote: "Nationalism, therefore, seeks to preserve and foster a nation's traditional culture."