"Colonialism is a practice by which a country controls people or areas, often by establishing colonies, generally for strategic and economic advancement."
The study of the colonization of different regions by European powers and its effects on the local populations and cultures.
European Exploration and Discovery: The initial voyages led by European explorers that began the age of exploration and colonization.
Mercantilism: A policy where colonies were used as a source of raw materials to benefit the mother country and a way to control trade.
Imperialism: A policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or economic domination.
Slave Trade: A system that involved enslaving individuals in Africa, shipping them to the Americas, and trading them for goods like sugar, tobacco and cotton.
Missionary Work: The effort to spread religion and promote cultural exchange in the colonies.
Plantations: Large agricultural estates that produced cash crops like sugar, coffee, and tobacco.
Impact on Native populations: The long term and devastating effects of colonialism on the lives and cultures of native populations.
Colonial Rule and Administration: The different ways in which colonial powers exerted control over their colonies.
Indentured Labor: A system where individuals would work for a set amount of time to pay off their passage to the colonies.
The role of trade: The ways in which international trade and commerce were impacted by colonialism and the exploitation of colonies.
Cultural Contact and Integration: How colonialism led to the blending of cultures and the development of new cultural practices.
Resistance and Revolt: How colonial subjects resisted and fought against colonial rule.
Decolonization: The process by which colonies gained independence from their colonial powers.
Legacy and Image of Colonialism: The ongoing impact of colonialism on the world and the difficult legacies of this period of history.
Settlement Colonialism: It refers to the establishment of new societies in a foreign land. The colonizer occupies and controls the territory, and the settlers often outnumber the indigenous population.
Exploitation Colonialism: This type of colonialism prioritizes resource extraction and economic exploitation of the colony. The colonizer exploits the labor and resources of the local population, which led to inequality and poverty.
Plantation Colonialism: This type of colonialism centers on the cultivation of cash crops, such as sugarcane, tobacco, coffee, etc. The colonizer brings in slaves or indentured labor to work on the large plantations.
Mercantilist Colonialism: It involves strict government control over commerce and limits trade between colonies and other nations. The colonizer aims to extract wealth from the colony by exporting its goods to the mother country.
Neo-colonialism: This type of colonialism is a post-independence version of the previous types, where the former colonizers continue to dominate the economic and political landscape of the newly independent nation.
Cultural Colonialism: It represents the imposition of the colonizer's culture and values on the indigenous people. This type of colonialism aimed to "civilize" the colonized population while erasing their identity and culture.
Informal Colonialism: It is when a powerful nation's influence is exerted over a weaker country without formal political or economic control. This type of colonialism can lead to exploitation of resources and interference in the local politics.
Transnational Colonialism: It is a type of colonialism that operates beyond the borders of one nation, where multinational corporations exert economic power over weaker nations.
Internal Colonialism: It is a type of colonialism that occurs within a nation's borders, where a dominant group exploits and oppresses weaker groups within the same nation.
Defensive Colonialism: It is a colonialism type that originated from the need to create buffer zones against external threats. In this type of colonialism, the colonizer establishes a military presence and maintains a strategic location for its military operations.
"Colonialism is etymologically rooted in the Latin word 'Colonus', which was used to describe tenant farmers in the Roman Empire."
"Colonialism has existed since ancient times."
"The concept is most strongly associated with the European and Japanese empires."
"Starting in the 15th century and extending to the mid-1900s."
"At first, conquest followed policies of mercantilism, aiming to strengthen the home-country economy."
"Agreements usually restricted the colony to trading only with the metropole (mother country)."
"By the mid-19th century."
"Missionaries were active in practically all of the European-controlled colonies because the metropoles were Christian."
"Historian Philip Hoffman calculated that by 1800, before the Industrial Revolution, Europeans already controlled at least 35% of the globe."
"By 1914, they had gained control of 84% of the globe."
"Colonial powers retreated between 1945 and 1975; over which time nearly all colonies gained independence, entering into changed colonial, so-called postcolonial and neocolonialist relations."
"The coloni sharecroppers started as tenants of landlords, but the system evolved so they were permanently indebted to the landowner and were trapped in servitude."
"The system evolved so they were permanently indebted to the landowner and were trapped in servitude."
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