"Traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century."
- A period of cultural, scientific, and economic flourishing that occurred in the Islamic world between the 8th and 14th centuries CE.
Rise of Islam: The beginnings of the religion of Islam in Arabia and its spread throughout the Middle East and beyond.
Science and Technology: The significant contributions made by Muslim scientists and inventors in fields such as mathematics, astronomy, medicine, chemistry, and engineering.
Philosophy: The development of Islamic philosophy and the contributions made by Muslim thinkers to fields such as metaphysics, ethics, and logic.
Literature: The flourishing of Arabic literature during the Islamic Golden Age, including poetry, prose, and philosophy.
Arts: The significant contributions made by Muslim artists, architects, and designers in fields such as calligraphy, painting, ceramics, and textiles.
Trade and Commerce: The success of Islamic merchants and traders in developing a vast network of trade routes, leading to the growth of cities and economic prosperity.
Education: The establishment of madrasas and universities throughout the Islamic world and the development of a sophisticated system of education.
Politics and Governance: The establishment of the Islamic Caliphate and the various dynasties that ruled during the Islamic Golden Age.
Social and Cultural Life: The rich and diverse cultural heritage of the Muslim world during this period, including customs, traditions, and social norms.
Relations with other Civilizations: The interactions between the Muslim world and other civilizations during the Islamic Golden Age, including the Byzantine Empire, India, and China.
Science and Mathematics: During this time, scientists and scholars of Islamic civilization made significant contributions to areas such as algebra, astronomy, geometry, and medicine.
Literature: Islamic literature experienced a golden age during the 8th to the 13th centuries with poets and writers producing great works in Arabic, Persian and Turkish.
Art and Architecture: The Islamic world produced magnificent architectural wonders such as the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul and continued to expand new artistic traditions which even influenced European art including calligraphy and geometric patterns.
Philosophy: Islamic scholars made notable contributions to philosophy during this time, exploring and developing new ideas regarding the nature of reality, knowledge, and ethics.
Trade and Commerce: Islamic Golden Age was also characterized by a vibrant and diverse economy that fostered trade and commerce throughout the Islamic world.
Politics and Governance: Islamic Golden Age saw various Caliphates expanding and developing institutions such as legal systems and policies that helped enhance the lives of the people.
"Harun al-Rashid."
"...the inauguration of the House of Wisdom, which saw scholars from all over the Muslim world flock to Baghdad..."
"Baghdad, the world's largest city by then."
"...to translate the known world's classical knowledge into Arabic and Persian."
"...the collapse of the Abbasid caliphate due to Mongol invasions and the Siege of Baghdad in 1258."
"Some scholars extend the end date of the golden age to around 1350..."
"...including the Timurid Renaissance within it."
"...including the rise of the Islamic gunpowder empires."
"A period of scientific, economic and cultural flourishing in the history of Islam."
"Scientific, economic, and cultural."
"Scholars from all over the Muslim world."
"Baghdad, the world's largest city by then."
"Into Arabic and Persian."
"The Mongol invasions and the Siege of Baghdad."
"Some scholars extend the end date of the golden age to around 1350, including the Timurid Renaissance within it."
"The end of 15th to 16th centuries, including the rise of the Islamic gunpowder empires."
"As late as the end of the 15th to 16th centuries..."
"A period of scientific, economic and cultural flourishing in the history of Islam."
"To translate the known world's classical knowledge into Arabic and Persian."