"Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages."
- A continuation of the Roman Empire that survived until 1453 CE and played a significant role in the development of Eastern Orthodoxy and the spread of Christianity.
Founding of the Byzantine Empire: The reasons behind the founding of the Byzantine Empire and its early history.
Justinian the Great: Emperor Justinian's life and his role in the Byzantine Empire.
Byzantine Religion: The Byzantine Empire's adoption of Christianity and its impact on the empire's culture and politics.
Byzantine Society: The structure and organization of Byzantine society, including social classes and roles.
Byzantine Economy: The Byzantine Empire's economic history and contributions.
Byzantine Art and Architecture: The Byzantine Empire's artistic and architectural accomplishments, including mosaics, icons, and cathedrals.
Byzantine Warfare: The Byzantine Empire's military history and tactics.
Byzantine Law: The development of Byzantine law and its influence on modern legal systems.
Byzantine Science and Technology: The Byzantine Empire's scientific and technological advancements, including in medicine, architecture, and warfare.
The Crusades and the Byzantine Empire: The impact of the Crusades on the Byzantine Empire and its relationships with other empires and states.
Decline and Fall of the Byzantine Empire: The factors leading to the decline of the Byzantine Empire and its eventual fall to the Ottoman Empire.
Byzantine Literature: The Byzantine Empire's literary traditions, including poetry, histories, and theological writings.
Byzantine Music: The Byzantine Empire's musical traditions and their influence on later Western music.
Women in the Byzantine Empire: The role and treatment of women in Byzantine society and culture.
Relations with the Eastern and Western Churches: The relationships between the Byzantine Empire and the Eastern and Western branches of Christianity.
Early Byzantine Empire (324-641 CE): The period of the Byzantine Empire following the division of the Roman Empire into Eastern and Western halves; characterized by consolidation of power and the spread of Christianity.
Heraclian Byzantine Empire (641-717 CE): The period following the death of Emperor Justinian, characterized by invasions of the Slavs, Avars, and Persians.
Isaurian Byzantine Empire (717-802 CE): Period of Byzantine Empire ruled by the Isaurian dynasty, known for political intrigues and the Iconoclastic controversy.
Macedonian Byzantine Empire (867-1056 CE): Period of Byzantine Empire marked by a renaissance in art, literature, and culture spurred by the Macedonian dynasty.
Komnenian Byzantine Empire (1081-1185 CE): Period of Byzantine Empire marked by a resurgence of power under the Komnenos family, with emphasis on military strength and territorial expansion.
Angelan Byzantine Empire (1185-1204 CE): Period of Byzantine Empire marked by instability, as multiple rebellions challenged the authority of the ruling Angelos family.
Latin Byzantine Empire (1204-1261 CE): Period following the Fourth Crusade, during which Western European powers established a Latin Empire that ruled over the Byzantine territory.
Palaiologan Byzantine Empire (1261-1453 CE): Period of Byzantine Empire marked by cultural and economic revival, increased centralization, and territorial decline due to external pressures from the Ottoman Empire.
"It survived the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist until the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453."
"When its capital city was Constantinople."
"Its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the Roman Empire and to themselves as Romans—a term which Greeks continued to use for themselves into Ottoman times."
"Modern historians distinguish the Byzantine Empire from the earlier Roman Empire due to the imperial seat moving from Rome to Byzantium, the empire's integration of Christianity, and the predominance of Greek instead of Latin."
"The western parts of the empire went through Latinization."
"Constantine I (r. 324–337) reorganised the empire, made Constantinople the capital, and legalized Christianity."
"It lost its richest provinces—Egypt and Syria—to the Rashidun Caliphate. It then lost Africa to the Umayyads in 698."
"During the Macedonian dynasty (9th–11th centuries)."
"Civil wars and the ensuing Seljuk invasion."
"The fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453."
"Refugees fleeing the city after its capture would settle in Italy and other parts of Europe."
"Helping to ignite the Renaissance."
"Its eponymous capital surrendered to Ottoman forces after it was besieged in 1461."
"The fall of the Byzantine Empire to the Ottomans is sometimes used to mark the end of the Middle Ages and the start of the early modern period."