- "The Scramble for Africa is a term widely used by historians to describe the invasion, annexation, division, and colonization of most of Africa by seven Western European powers during an era known as 'New Imperialism' (between 1833 and 1914)."
The study of how European countries extended their empires through colonization and conquest between the mid-19th and mid-20th centuries.
Colonialism: The practice of a nation exerting political, economic, and cultural control over another nation or territory.
Scramble for Africa: The period of intense competition between European powers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to establish control over African territories.
Opium Wars: A series of conflicts between China and Britain in the mid-19th century, centered around British smuggling of opium into China and China's attempts to block the trade.
Monroe Doctrine: A U.S. policy statement in 1823 that declared that European powers should not interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere and that the United States would not interfere in European affairs.
Berlin Conference: A meeting of European powers in 1884-85 to divide up Africa into spheres of influence and acquire territories for European colonialism.
Indian Removal Act: A U.S. law passed in 1830 that forcibly relocated Native American tribes from their ancestral lands in the southeastern United States to territories west of the Mississippi River.
Treaty of Nanking: An 1842 agreement between China and Britain that ended the Opium War and opened several Chinese ports to British trade.
Suez Canal: A man-made waterway constructed in 1869 that connected the Mediterranean and Red Seas, significantly reducing the time and cost of trade between Europe and Asia.
Boxer Rebellion: A violent uprising in China in 1900 against foreign influence in the country, particularly from European powers and Japan.
Sepoy Mutiny: A rebellion against British rule in India in 1857 by Indian soldiers (sepoys) in the British East India Company's army.
- "The 10 percent of Africa that was under formal European control in 1870 increased to almost 90 percent by 1914, with only Liberia and Ethiopia remaining independent."
- "The Berlin Conference of 1884, which regulated European colonization and trade in Africa, is usually accepted as the beginning."
- "In the last quarter of the 19th century, there were considerable political rivalries between the European empires, which provided the impetus for the Scramble."
- "The later years of the 19th century saw a transition from 'informal imperialism' - military influence and economic dominance - to direct rule."
- "Most of Africa was decolonised during the Cold War period."
- "Only Liberia and Ethiopia remaining independent."
- "However, the old imperial boundaries and economic systems imposed by the Scramble still affect the politics and economy of African nations today."
- "The Berlin Conference of 1884, which regulated European colonization and trade in Africa, is usually accepted as the beginning."
- "The 10 percent of Africa that was under formal European control in 1870 increased to almost 90 percent by 1914."
- "New Imperialism (between 1833 and 1914)."
- "Most of Africa was colonized by seven Western European powers."
- "The transition from 'informal imperialism' - military influence and economic dominance - to direct rule."
- "Most of Africa was decolonised during the Cold War period."
- "Considerable political rivalries between the European empires provided the impetus for the Scramble."
- "The Berlin Conference of 1884, which regulated European colonization and trade in Africa, is usually accepted as the beginning."
- "Only Liberia and Ethiopia remaining independent."
- "The old imperial boundaries and economic systems imposed by the Scramble still affect the politics and economy of African nations today."
- "The later years of the 19th century saw a transition from 'informal imperialism' - military influence and economic dominance - to direct rule."
- "The 10 percent of Africa that was under formal European control in 1870 increased to almost 90 percent by 1914."