"Colonialism is a practice by which a country controls people or areas, often by establishing colonies, generally for strategic and economic advancement."
The study of how European countries established colonies throughout the world from the 16th to the 19th century.
Colonialism: The practice of one country controlling another country or territory, often through economic, political, or military means.
Colonization: The process of settling in and establishing control over a new territory.
Imperialism: A policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force or other means.
European Colonialism: The colonization of non-European territories by European powers, which started in the 15th century with the exploration of new lands and continued until the mid-20th century, which led to the establishment of global empires by Europeans.
Mercantilism: An economic theory or system practiced from the 16th to the 18th century in which a state's power depended on its wealth, hence the accumulation of precious metals, trade surpluses, and the establishment of colonies to accumulate resources.
Slavery: The enslavement of Africans and their forced transport to the Americas, which was practiced by European powers from the 16th to the 19th century.
Resistance and Rebellions: Movements and acts of resistance by colonized people against their oppressors in protest of colonialism and its injustices.
Cultural Appropriation: The theft or exploitation of cultural elements (art, traditions, symbols, etc.) of a marginalized people by the dominant culture or group.
Ethnic Conflicts: Tensions and conflicts between different ethnic groups that were created by colonialism via the divide-and-conquer tactic used by colonial powers.
Decolonization: The withdrawal of colonial powers from their overseas territories in the 20th century, often accompanied by a movement for independence from colonized populations.
Neocolonialism: A form of indirect colonial control by wealthy countries over formerly colonized countries, which persists in economic, political, or cultural ways.
Postcolonial Theory: A field of study that investigates the social, cultural, and economic impacts of colonialism and seeks to empower and promote the voices of marginalized people.
Colonialism and Gender: The relationship between colonialism and gender inequality, the effects of colonialism on gender roles, and the specific experiences of women, non-binary, and queer people in colonial societies.
Colonialism and Environment: The impact of colonialism on the environment, including the exploitation of natural resources, the introduction of invasive species, and the displacement of Indigenous people from their lands.
Intellectual Resistance: The resistance movement that was composed of writers, philosophers, and artists to challenge the dominant colonial narrative and to provide an alternative perspective on history and society.
Settler Colonialism: A type of colonialism where settlers from one country establish permanent settlements in another country and displace the indigenous people from their land.
Plantation Colonialism: A type of colonialism where European powers established large-scale agricultural plantations in their colonies to produce export crops such as tobacco, cotton, and sugar cane.
Extractive Colonialism: A type of colonialism where the colonizing country exploits the resources of the colonized country such as gold, silver, oil, and minerals.
Economic Colonialism: A type of colonialism where the colonizing country manipulates the economy of the colonized country in order to extract resources and labor.
Political Colonialism: A type of colonialism where the colonizing country establishes political control over the colonized country, often through the installation of puppet governments or the use of military forces.
Cultural Colonialism: A type of colonialism where the colonizing country imposes its cultural values and practices on the colonized people, often through the imposition of language, religion, and education.
Neo-Colonialism: A type of colonialism where the former colonizing countries continue to exert political, economic, and cultural control over their former colonies using various methods without direct military occupation.
"Colonialism is etymologically rooted in the Latin word 'Colonus', which was used to describe tenant farmers in the Roman Empire."
"Colonialism has existed since ancient times."
"The concept is most strongly associated with the European and Japanese empires."
"Starting in the 15th century and extending to the mid-1900s."
"At first, conquest followed policies of mercantilism, aiming to strengthen the home-country economy."
"Agreements usually restricted the colony to trading only with the metropole (mother country)."
"By the mid-19th century."
"Missionaries were active in practically all of the European-controlled colonies because the metropoles were Christian."
"Historian Philip Hoffman calculated that by 1800, before the Industrial Revolution, Europeans already controlled at least 35% of the globe."
"By 1914, they had gained control of 84% of the globe."
"Colonial powers retreated between 1945 and 1975; over which time nearly all colonies gained independence, entering into changed colonial, so-called postcolonial and neocolonialist relations."
"The coloni sharecroppers started as tenants of landlords, but the system evolved so they were permanently indebted to the landowner and were trapped in servitude."
"The system evolved so they were permanently indebted to the landowner and were trapped in servitude."
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